------类视图1、类视图引入def register(request):"""处理注册"""
# 获取请求方法，判断是GET/POST请求 if request.method == 'GET': # 处理GET请求，返回注册页面 return render(request, 'register.html') else: # 处理POST请求，实现注册逻辑 return HttpResponse('这里实现注册逻辑')
from django.views.generic import View
class RegisterView(View):"""类视图：处理注册"""
def get(self, request): """处理GET请求，返回注册页面""" return render(request, 'register.html')
def post(self, request): """处理POST请求，实现注册逻辑""" return HttpResponse('这里实现注册逻辑')
类视图的好处：* 代码可读性好* 类视图相对于函数视图有更高的复用性， 如果其他地方需要用到某个类视图的某个特定逻辑，直接继承该类视图即可
2、类视图使用from django.views.generic import View
urlpatterns = [ # 视图函数：注册 # url(r'^register/$', views.register, name='register'), # 类视图：注册 url(r'^register/$', views.RegisterView.as_view(), name='register'), ]
3、类视图原理@classonlymethoddef as_view(cls, **initkwargs):"""Main entry point for a request-response process."""...省略代码...
def view(request, *args, **kwargs): self = cls(**initkwargs) if hasattr(self, 'get') and not hasattr(self, 'head'): self.head = self.get self.request = request self.args = args self.kwargs = kwargs # 调用dispatch方法，按照不同请求方式调用不同请求方法 return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
...省略代码...
# 返回真正的函数视图
return view
def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # Try to dispatch to the right method; if a method doesn't exist, # defer to the error handler. Also defer to the error handler if the # request method isn't on the approved list. if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names: handler = getattr(self, request.method.lower(), self.http_method_not_allowed) else: handler = self.http_method_not_allowed return handler(request, *args, **kwargs)
4、类视图使用装饰器
def my_decorator(func): def wrapper(request, *args, **kwargs): print('自定义装饰器被调用了') print('请求路径%s' % request.path) return func(request, *args, **kwargs) return wrapper
class DemoView(View): def get(self, request): print('get方法') return HttpResponse('ok')
def post(self, request): print('post方法') return HttpResponse('ok')
4-1、在URL配置中装饰urlpatterns = [ url(r'^demo/$', my_decorate(DemoView.as_view()))]
4-2、 在类视图中装饰from django.utils.decorators import method_decorator
# 为全部请求方法添加装饰器class DemoView(View):
@method_decorator(my_decorator) def dispatch(self, *args, **kwargs): return super().dispatch(*args, **kwargs)
def get(self, request): print('get方法') return HttpResponse('ok')
def post(self, request): print('post方法') return HttpResponse('ok')
# 为特定请求方法添加装饰器class DemoView(View):
@method_decorator(my_decorator)def get(self, request): print('get方法') return HttpResponse('ok')
def post(self, request): print('post方法') return HttpResponse('ok')
4-3 构造Mixin扩展类class MyDecoratorMixin(object): @classmethoddef as_view(cls, *args, **kwargs): view = super().as_view(*args, **kwargs) view = my_decorator(view) return view
class DemoView(MyDecoratorMixin, View): def get(self, request): print('get方法') return HttpResponse('ok')
def post(self, request): print('post方法') return HttpResponse('ok')
-----中间件Django中的中间件是一个轻量级、底层的插件系统，可以介入Django的请求和响应处理过程，修改Django的输入或输出。中间件的设计为开发者提供了一种无侵入式的开发方式，增强了Django框架的健壮性。我们可以使用中间件，在Django处理视图的不同阶段对输入或输出进行干预。
1、中间件的定义方法def simple_middleware(get_response):# 此处编写的代码仅在Django第一次配置和初始化的时候执行一次。
def middleware(request):# 此处编写的代码会在每个请求处理视图前被调用。
response = get_response(request)
# 此处编写的代码会在每个请求处理视图之后被调用。
return response
return middleware
def my_middleware(get_response): print('init 被调用') def middleware(request): print('before request 被调用') response = get_response(request) print('after response 被调用') return response return middleware
# 定义好中间件后，需要在settings.py文件中添加注册中间件MIDDLEWARE = ['django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware','django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware','django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',# 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware','django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware','django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware','django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware','users.middleware.my_middleware', # 添加中间件]
2、多个中间件的执行顺序* 在请求视图被处理前，中间件由上至下依次执行* 在请求视图被处理后，中间件由下至上依次执行
转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/denix-32/p/9944792.html
