（本文参考：http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/javaOO/nested.html）
Nested Classes
class OuterClass {
......
class StaticNestedClass {
......
}
......
class InnerClass {
......
}
定义
nested classes （嵌套类）分为两种：non-static与static，前者通常称作inner classes，后者称作static nested classes。
作用域与访问范围
两种nested classes都是其enclosing class的内部成员，non-static classes可以引用到包装类的private成员，static classes没有这个能力。两种nested classes都可以被声明为public/protected/private/package private。
作用场景（因原文概括性高，直接引用）
It is a way of logically grouping classes that only used in one place.It increases encapsulation.It can lead to more readable and maintainable code.
Static Nested Classes
static nested classes不可直接调用其外部类的方法／成员，必须通过一个外部类的实例才能访问（在这一点上，static inner class表现的如同一个top-level class）用如下方式创建一个static nested class实例
OuterClass.StaticNestedClass foo =
new OuterClass.StaticNestedClass();
Inner Classes
As with instance methods and variables, an inner class is associated with an instance of its enclosing class and has direct access to that object's methods and fields.Cause an inner class is associated with an instance, it cannot define any static members itself.An instance of InnerClass can exist only within an instance of OuterClass and has direct access to the methods and fields of its enclosing instance.用如下方式创建一个inner class实例
OuterClass.InnerClass innerObject = outerObject.
new InnerClass();
有两种特殊的inner classes：local classes和anonymous class
Shadowing（不知确切的中文翻译是什么，“遮蔽”？）
原文用一段很简洁的代码讲清了这个问题
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args)
throws Exception {
(new OuterClass()).
new InnerClass().printX(2
);
System.out.println("FINISH!"
);
}
}
class OuterClass {
int x = 0
;
class InnerClass {
int x = 1
;
public void printX (
int x) {
System.out.println("x=" +
x);
System.out.println("this.x=" +
this.x);
System.out.println("OuterClass.this.x=" + OuterClass.
this.x);
}
}
}
输出：
x=2
this.x=1
OuterClass.this.x=0
FINISH!
Serialization
Serialization of inner classes, including local and annonymous classes, is strongly discouraged.原因是编译器在compile certain constructs时，会产生synthetic constructs：these are classes, methods, fields, and other constructs that do not have a corresponding construct in the source code.You may have compatibility issues if you serialize an inner class and then deserialize it with a different JRE implementation.
转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/maozhige/p/4063596.html
相关资源：DirectX修复工具V4.0增强版
