http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/VCard
vCard是电子名片的文件格式标准。它一般附加在电子邮件之后，但也可以用于其它场合（如在互联网上相互交换）。
vCard可包含的信息有：姓名、地址资讯、电话号码、URL，logo，相片等。
vCard（或称做Versitcard）最早是由Versit联盟于1995年提出的，当时联盟成员包括
苹果公司，AT&T科技（后来的朗讯），IBM及西门子。
在1996年十二月，格式的拥有权移至互联网邮件联盟（IMC），此联盟是由一些关注互联网电子邮件的公司所组成。
与vCard一同提出的用于数据交换的标准还有vCalendar，但现在被iCalendar所取代。
互联网邮件联盟已经声明它希望“所有的vCalendar开发者利用这些新的开放标准，并使软件能够同时兼容vCalendar 1.0和iCalendar。”
vCard标准的2.1版被电子邮件客户端广泛支持。
3.0版是一个包含在RFC 2425和RFC 2426中的IETF标准跟踪提案。
vCard的常用文件扩展名是.vcf。
不同的程序对vCard标准实现亦不同。
Mac OS X中的Address Book允许把所有联系人导出到一个vcf文件，
而Microsoft Outlook只能每人一个文件。
Linux中KDE的Kontact允许每个文件导入或导出一人或多人。
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VCard
BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:2.1 N:Gump;Forrest FN:Forrest Gump ORG:Bubba Gump Shrimp Co. TITLE:Shrimp Man PHOTO;GIF:http://www.example.com/dir_photos/my_photo.gif TEL;WORK;VOICE:(111) 555-1212 TEL;HOME;VOICE:(404) 555-1212 ADR;WORK:;;100 Waters Edge;Baytown;LA;30314;United States of America LABEL;WORK;ENCODING=QUOTED-PRINTABLE:100 Waters Edge=0D=0ABaytown, LA 30314=0D=0AUnited States of America ADR;HOME:;;42 Plantation St.;Baytown;LA;30314;United States of America LABEL;HOME;ENCODING=QUOTED-PRINTABLE:42 Plantation St.=0D=0ABaytown, LA 30314=0D=0AUnited States of America EMAIL;PREF;INTERNET:forrestgump@example.com REV:20080424T195243Z END:VCARDBEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 N:Gump;Forrest;;Mr. FN:Forrest Gump ORG:Bubba Gump Shrimp Co. TITLE:Shrimp Man PHOTO;VALUE=URL;TYPE=GIF:http://www.example.com/dir_photos/my_photo.gif TEL;TYPE=WORK,VOICE:(111) 555-12121 TEL;TYPE=HOME,VOICE:(404) 555-1212 ADR;TYPE=WORK:;;100 Waters Edge;Baytown;LA;30314;United States of America LABEL;TYPE=WORK:100 Waters Edge\nBaytown, LA 30314\nUnited States of America ADR;TYPE=HOME:;;42 Plantation St.;Baytown;LA;30314;United States of America LABEL;TYPE=HOME:42 Plantation St.\nBaytown, LA 30314\nUnited States of America EMAIL;TYPE=PREF,INTERNET:forrestgump@example.com REV:2008-04-24T19:52:43Z END:VCARD
BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:4.0 N:Gump;Forrest;;; FN:Forrest Gump ORG:Bubba Gump Shrimp Co. TITLE:Shrimp Man PHOTO;MEDIATYPE=image/gif:http://www.example.com/dir_photos/my_photo.gif TEL;TYPE=work,voice;VALUE=uri:tel:+1-111-555-1212 TEL;TYPE=home,voice;VALUE=uri:tel:+1-404-555-1212 ADR;TYPE=work;LABEL="100 Waters Edge\nBaytown, LA 30314\nUnited States of America" :;;100 Waters Edge;Baytown;LA;30314;United States of America ADR;TYPE=home;LABEL="42 Plantation St.\nBaytown, LA 30314\nUnited States of America" :;;42 Plantation St.;Baytown;LA;30314;United States of America EMAIL:forrestgump@example.com REV:20080424T195243Z END:VCARD
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <vcards xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:vcard-4.0"> <vcard> <tel> <parameters> <type> <text>work</text> </type> </parameters> <uri>tel:+1-111-555-1212</uri> </tel> <adr> <parameters> <type><text>work</text></type> <label><text>100 Waters Edge Baytown, LA 30314 United States of America</text></label> </parameters> </adr> <email><text>forrestgump@example.com</text></email> </vcard> </vcards> ["vcard", [ ["version", {}, "text", "4.0"], ["n", {}, "text", ["Gump", "Forrest", "", "", ""]], ["fn", {}, "text", "Forrest Gump"], ["org", {}, "text", "Bubba Gump Shrimp Co"], ["title", {} ,"text", "Shrimp Man"], ["photo", {"mediatype":"image/gif"}, "uri", "http://www.example.com/dir_photos/my_photo.gif"], ["tel", {"type":["work", "voice"]}, "uri", "tel:+1-111-555-1212"], ["tel", {"type":["home", "voice"]}, "uri", "tel:+1-404-555-1212"], ["adr", {"label":"100 Waters Edge\nBaytown, LA 30314\nUnited States of America", "type":"work"}, "text", ["", "", "100 Waters Edge", "Baytown", "LA", "30314", "United States of America"] ], ["adr", {"label":"42 Plantation St.\nBaytown, LA 30314\nUnited States of America", "type":"home"}, "text", ["", "", "42 Plantation St.", "Baytown", "LA", "30314", "United States of America"] ], ["email", {}, "text", "forrestgump@example.com"], ["rev", {}, "timestamp", "2008-04-24T19:52:43Z"] ] ]
hCard is a microformat that allows a vCard to be embedded inside an HTML page.
It makes use of CSS class names to identify each vCard property.
Normal HTML markup and CSS styling can be used alongside the hCard class names without affecting the webpage's ability to be parsed by a hCard parser.
<html> <head> <link rel="profile" href="http://microformats.org/profile/hcard" /> </head> <body> <div class="vcard"> <img class="photo" src="http://www.example.com/dir_photos/my_photo.gif" align="left" /> <h1 class="fn">Forrest Gump</h1> <div class="email"> <span class="type">Internet</span> Email (<span class="type">pref</span>erred): <a class="value" href="mailto:forrestgump@example.com">forrestgump@example.com</a> </div> <div class="n"> First Name: <span class="given-name">Forrest</span><br> Last Name: <span class="family-name">Gump</span> </div> <div class="label" style="display:none"> <span class="type">home</span> 42 Plantation St.<br>Baytown, LA 30314<br>United States of America </div> <div class="adr"> <span class="type">Home</span> Address:<br> <span class="street-address">42 Plantation St.</span><br> <span class="locality">Baytown</span>, <span class="region">LA</span> <span class="postal-code">30314</span><br> <span class="country-name">United States of America</span> </div> <div class="tel"> <abbr class="type" title="voice"></abbr> <span class="type">Home</span> Phone: <span class="value">+1-111-555-1212</span> </div> <div> Organization: <span class="org">Bubba Gump Shrimp Co.</span><br> Title: <span class="title">Shrimp Man</span> </div> <div class="label" style="display:none"> <span class="type">work</span> 100 Waters Edge<br>Baytown, LA 30314<br>United States of America </div> <div class="adr"> <span class="type">Work</span> Address:<br> <span class="street-address">100 Waters Edge</span><br> <span class="locality">Baytown</span>, <span class="region">LA</span> <span class="postal-code">30314</span><br> <span class="country-name">United States of America</span> </div> <div class="tel"> <abbr class="type" title="voice"></abbr> <span class="type">Work</span> Phone: <span class="value">+1-404-555-1212</span> </div> <em>vCard last updated:</em> <time class="rev" datetime="2008-04-24T19:52:43Z">April 24, 2008 at 7:52 PM GMT</time> </div> </body> </html>
vCard defines the following property types.
All vCards begin with BEGIN:VCARD and end with END:VCARD.
All vCards must contain the VERSION property, which specifies the vCard version.
VERSION must come right after BEGIN (except in the vCard 2.1 standard, which allows it to be anywhere in the vCard).
Otherwise, properties can be defined in any order.
NameVersionsDescriptionExample2.13.04.0ADRA structured representation of the physical delivery address for the vCard object.ADR;TYPE=home:;;123 Main St.;Springfield;IL;12345;USAAGENT Information about another person who will act on behalf of the vCard object. Typically this would be an area administrator, assistant, or secretary for the individual. Can be either a URL or an embedded vCard.AGENT:http://mi5.gov.uk/007ANNIVERSARY Defines the person's anniversary.ANNIVERSARY:19901021BDAYDate of birth of the individual associated with the vCard.BDAY:19700310BEGINAll vCards must start with this property.BEGIN:VCARDCALADRURI A URL to use for sending a scheduling request to the person's calendar.CALADRURI:http://example.com/calendar/jdoeCALURI A URL to the person's calendar.CALURI:http://example.com/calendar/jdoeCATEGORIESA list of "tags" that can be used to describe the object represented by this vCard.CATEGORIES:swimmer,bikerCLASS Describes the sensitivity of the information in the vCard.CLASS:publicCLIENTPIDMAP Used for synchronizing different revisions of the same vCard.CLIENTPIDMAP:1;urn:uuid:3df403f4-5924-4bb7-b077-3c711d9eb34bEMAILThe address for electronic mail communication with the vCard object.EMAIL:johndoe@hotmail.comENDAll vCards must end with this property.END:VCARDFBURL Defines a URL that shows when the person is "free" or "busy" on their calendar.FBURL:http://example.com/fb/jdoeFNThe formatted name string associated with the vCard object.FN:Dr. John DoeGENDER Defines the person's gender.GENDER:FGEOSpecifies a latitude and longitude.2.1, 3.0: GEO:39.95;-75.16674.0: GEO:geo:39.95,-75.1667IMPP *Defines an instant messenger handle.* This property was introduced in a separate RFC when the latest vCard version was 3.0. Therefore, 3.0 vCards may use this property, even though it's not part of the 3.0 specs.IMPP:aim:johndoe@aol.comKEYThe public encryption key associated with the vCard object. It may point to an external URL, may be plain text, or may be embedded in the vCard as a Base64 encoded block of text.2.1: KEY;PGP:http://example.com/key.pgp2.1: KEY;PGP;ENCODING=BASE64:[base64-data]3.0: KEY;TYPE=PGP:http://example.com/key.pgp3.0: KEY;TYPE=PGP;ENCODING=B:[base64-data]4.0: KEY;MEDIATYPE=application/pgp-keys:http://example.com/key.pgp4.0: KEY:data:application/pgp-keys;base64,[base64-data]KIND Defines the type of entity that this vCard represents: 'application', 'individual, 'group', 'location' or 'organization'; 'x-*' values may be used for experimental purposes. cf.http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6350#section-6.1.4, http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6473 ('application' value)KIND:individualLABEL*Represents the actual text that should be put on the mailing label when delivering a physical package to the person/object associated with the vCard (related to the ADR property).* Not supported in version 4.0. Instead, this information is stored in the LABEL parameter of the ADRproperty.LABEL;TYPE=HOME:123 Main St.\nSpringfield, IL 12345\nUSALANG Defines a language that the person speaks.LANG:fr-CALOGOAn image or graphic of the logo of the organization that is associated with the individual to which the vCard belongs. It may point to an external URL or may be embedded in the vCard as a Base64 encoded block of text.2.1: LOGO;PNG:http://example.com/logo.png2.1: LOGO;PNG;ENCODING=BASE64:[base64-data]3.0: LOGO;TYPE=PNG:http://example.com/logo.png3.0: PHOTO;TYPE=PNG;ENCODING=B:[base64-data]4.0:LOGO;MEDIATYPE=image/png:http://example.com/logo.png4.0: PHOTO:data:image/png;base64,[base64-data]MAILER Type of email program used.MAILER:ThunderbirdMEMBER Defines a member that is part of the group that this vCard represents. Acceptable values include: a "mailto:" URL containing an email addressa UID which references the member's own vCard The KIND property must be set to "group" in order to use this property.MEMBER:urn:uuid:03a0e51f-d1aa-4385-8a53-e29025acd8afNA structured representation of the name of the person, place or thing associated with the vCard object.N:Doe;John;;Dr;NAME Provides a textual representation of the SOURCE property. NICKNAME One or more descriptive/familiar names for the object represented by this vCard.NICKNAME:Jon,JohnnyNOTESpecifies supplemental information or a comment that is associated with the vCard.NOTE:I am proficient in Tiger-Crane Style,\nand I am more than proficient in the exquisite art of the Samurai sword.ORGThe name and optionally the unit(s) of the organization associated with the vCard object. This property is based on the X.520 Organization Name attribute and the X.520 Organization Unit attribute.ORG:Google;GMail Team;Spam Detection SquadPHOTOAn image or photograph of the individual associated with the vCard. It may point to an external URL or may be embedded in the vCard as a Base64 encoded block of text.2.1: PHOTO;JPEG:http://example.com/photo.jpg2.1: PHOTO;JPEG;ENCODING=BASE64:[base64-data]3.0: PHOTO;TYPE=JPEG:http://example.com/photo.jpg3.0: PHOTO;TYPE=JPEG;ENCODING=B:[base64-data]4.0:PHOTO;MEDIATYPE=image/jpeg:http://example.com/photo.jpg4.0: PHOTO:data:image/jpeg;base64,[base64-data]PRODID The identifier for the product that created the vCard object.PRODID:-//ONLINE DIRECTORY//NONSGML Version 1//ENPROFILE States that the vCard is a vCard.PROFILE:VCARDRELATED Another entity that the person is related to. Acceptable values include: a "mailto:" URL containing an email addressa UID which references the person's own vCard RELATED;TYPE=friend:urn:uuid:03a0e51f-d1aa-4385-8a53-e29025acd8afREVA timestamp for the last time the vCard was updated.REV:20121201T134211ZROLEThe role, occupation, or business category of the vCard object within an organization.ROLE:ExecutiveSORT-STRING*Defines a string that should be used when an application sorts this vCard in some way.* Not supported in version 4.0. Instead, this information is stored in the SORT-AS parameter of the Nand/or ORG properties.SORT-STRING:DoeSOUNDBy default, if this property is not grouped with other properties it specifies the pronunciation of the FNproperty of the vCard object. It may point to an external URL or may be embedded in the vCard as a Base64encoded block of text.2.1: SOUND;OGG:http://example.com/sound.ogg2.1: SOUND;OGG;ENCODING=BASE64:[base64-data]3.0: SOUND;TYPE=OGG:http://example.com/sound.ogg3.0: SOUND;TYPE=OGG;ENCODING=B:[base64-data]4.0:SOUND;MEDIATYPE=audio/ogg:http://example.com/sound.ogg4.0: SOUND:data:audio/ogg;base64,[base64-data]SOURCEA URL that can be used to get the latest version of this vCard.SOURCE:http://johndoe.com/vcard.vcfTELThe canonical number string for a telephone number for telephony communication with the vCard object.TEL;TYPE=cell:(123) 555-5832TITLESpecifies the job title, functional position or function of the individual associated with the vCard object within an organization.TITLE:V.P. Research and DevelopmentTZThe time zone of the vCard object.2.1, 3.0: TZ:-05004.0: TZ:America/New_YorkUIDSpecifies a value that represents a persistent, globally unique identifier associated with the object.UID:urn:uuid:da418720-3754-4631-a169-db89a02b831bURLA URL pointing to a website that represents the person in some way.URL:http://www.johndoe.comVERSIONThe version of the vCard specification. In versions 3.0 and 4.0, this must come right after the BEGINproperty.VERSION:3.0XML Any XML data that is attached to the vCard. This is used if the vCard was encoded in XML (xCard standard) and the XML document contained elements which are not part of the xCard standard.XML:<b>Not an xCard XML element</b>
http://baike.baidu.com/view/495045.htm
vCard 规范容许公开交换个人数据交换 (Personal Data Interchange PDI) 信息，在传统纸质商业名片可找到这些信息。
规范定义电子名片（或叫vCard）的格式。 vCard 规范可作为各种应用或系统之间的交换格式。
定义的格式与传送的方法无关。传送交换可能是文件系统，点对点交换的公共电话网络，以有线网络或无线传送的方式。
用户能在互联网上直接利用vCard。电子邮件能转发在vCard中人信息。网页上很多用户填写的表格可自动使用vCard。
ADR 类型定义目的：是一个组合，用来表示一个地址信息，值类型是一个用分号分开的文本值例子：
ADR;TYPE=dom,home,postal,parcel:;;123 Main Street;Any Town;CA;91921-1234;A
ADR;HOME;POSTAL;PARCEL: ;;街道地址;深圳;广东;444444;中国 组合由一下部分顺序的组成： the post office box; the extended address; the street address; the locality (e.g., city); the region (e.g., state or province); the postal code; the country name 七个部分组成，如果，其他的一个部分没有，必须用分号分开 type 参数的说明 "dom" 国内地址 "intl" 国际地址 "parcel"包裹递送地址 "home" 居住地址; "work"工作地址; "pref" 有多个地址的时候，优先的地址 缺省的"TYPE=intl,postal,parcel,work"，可以替换 LABEL类型定义 目的：是一格式化的文本值，表示一个地址 例子：LABEL;TYPE=dom,home,postal,parcel:Mr.John Q. Public\, Esq.\n Mail Drop: TNE QB\n123 Main Street\nAny Town\, CA 91921-1234 \nU.S.A. type 参数的说明 "dom" 国内地址 "intl" 国际地址 "parcel"包裹递送地址 "home" 居住地址; "work"工作地址; "pref" 有多个地址的时候，优先的地址 缺省的"TYPE=intl,postal,parcel,work"，可以替换 和ADR的不同是 ADR的值是用分号分开的数据，LABEL就是一个格式化的文本。
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转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/shangdawei/p/4072539.html
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