MySQL：MySQL的安装

it2022-05-21 149

一、Linux：MySQL的源码安装

1、安装前的准备

在安装之前需要安装一下必备的包和工具

gcc/g++：MySQL5.6开始，需要使用g++进行编译。cmake：MySQL5.5开始，使用cmake进行工程管理，cmake需要2.8以上版本。bison：MySQL语法解析器需要使用bison进行编译。ncurses-devel：用于终端操作的开发包。zlib：MySQL使用zlib进行压缩

功能需要的包

libxml：用于xml输入输出方式的支持。opensll：使用opensll安全套接字通信。dtrace：用于诊断MySQL问题。

有关于MySQL编译参数

CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE编译的版本类型：RelWithDebInfo和Debug，不同之处是RelWithDebInfo会进行优化。CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX指定make install安装的目标路径。SYSCONFDIR指定配置文件的默认路径。MYSQL_DATADIR指定data目录的默认路径。WITH_DEBUG指定是否有debugging信息，一般用于源码调试时，打开WITH_DEBUG,生产环境关闭。ENABLED_PROFILING指定是否可以使用show profile显示操作执行的详细信息。DEFAULT_CHARSET指定默认字符集，可以在启动的配置文件中指定。DEFAULT_COLLATION指定默认字符比较、排序的规则。WITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS指定其他可能使用的字符集。INSTALL_LAYOUT指定安装的布局类型。WITH_storage_STORAGE_ENGIN指定编译支持的存储引擎，默认支持MyISAM,MERGE,MEMORY,CSV存储引擎。更多详细参数可参考http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/source-configuration-options.html

本次安装环境

[root@wulaoer ~]# cat /etc/issue CentOS release 6.5 (Final) Kernel \r on an \m [root@wulaoer ~]# uname -a Linux wulaoer 2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Fri Nov 22 03:15:09 UTC 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux MySQL版本：5.6.12-log Source distribution

安装目录为：/usr/local/mysql/

数据目录为：/data/mysqldata

存储引擎包括：MEMORY，MyISAM,InnoDB等

字符集为：UTF8

2、源码安装MySQL

先安装需要用到的库：

[root@wulaoer ~]# yum -y install gcc-c++ gcc [root@wulaoer ~]# yum -y install ncurses-devel

下载所需软件包：

将下载的文件都放到/usr/local/src目录下，如下

[root@wulaoer ~]# cd /usr/local/src/ [root@wulaoer src]# wget http://www.cmake.org/files/v2.8/cmake-2.8.11.1.tar.gz --no-check-certificate [root@wulaoer src]# wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/bison-2.7.tar.gz [root@wulaoer src]# wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/m4/m4-1.4.16.tar.gz [root@wulaoer src]# wget http://www.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.12.tar.gz/from/http://cdn.mysql.com/

安装cmake编译器

[root@wulaoer src]# tar -zxf cmake-2.8.11.1.tar.gz [root@wulaoer src]# cd cmake-2.8.11.1 [root@wulaoer cmake-2.8.11.1]# ./bootstrap [root@wulaoer cmake-2.8.11.1]# make && make install

检查cmake是否安装成功

[root@wulaoer cmake-2.8.11.1]# which cmake /usr/local/bin/cmake 安装m4 [root@wulaoer src]# tar -zxf m4-1.4.16.tar.gz [root@wulaoer src]# cd m4-1.4.16 [root@wulaoer m4-1.4.16]# ./configure [root@wulaoer m4-1.4.16]# make && make install

安装bison

[root@wulaoer src]# tar -zxf bison-2.7.tar.gz [root@wulaoer src]# cd bison-2.7 [root@wulaoer bison-2.7]# ./configure && make && make install 创建mysql用户与组，相关目录 [root@wulaoer ~]# /usr/sbin/groupadd mysql [root@wulaoer ~]# /usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql [root@wulaoer ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/ [root@wulaoer ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql [root@wulaoer ~]# mkdir -p /data/mysqldata [root@wulaoer ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysqldata

安装mysql

[root@wulaoer ~]# cd /usr/local/src/ [root@wulaoer src]# tar -zxf mysql-5.6.12.tar.gz [root@wulaoer src]# export CFLAGS="-O3 -g -fno-exceptions -static-libgcc -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-strict-aliasing" [root@wulaoer src]# export CXXFLAGS="-O3 -g -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti -static-libgcc -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-strict-aliasing" [root@wulaoer src]# export CXX=g++ [root@wulaoer mysql-5.6.12]# cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql/ -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=utf8,gbk -DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysqldata/ -DSYSCONFDIR=/usr/local/mysql/ -DWITH_SSL=bundled -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DENABLE_DOWNLOADS=1 [root@wulaoer mysql-5.6.12]# make && make install

初始化数据库

[root@wulaoer mysql-5.6.12]# cd /usr/local/mysql/ [root@wulaoer mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --ldata=/data/mysqldata

3、安装后的收尾工作

配置运行环境

[root@wulaoer ~]# vi /etc/profile PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH export PATH [root@wulaoer ~]# source /etc/profile

创建开机启动

[root@wulaoer ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/ [root@wulaoer mysql]# cp support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf cp：是否覆盖"/etc/my.cnf"？ y [root@wulaoer mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld [root@wulaoer mysql]# chkconfig --level 35 mysqld on [root@wulaoer ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start Starting MySQL.. ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/usr/local/mysql/data/wulaoer.pid). 以上错误解决方法进mysql安装目录执行[root@wulaoer mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql [root@wulaoer mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 设置数据库密码 [root@wulaoer ~]# mysqladmin -u root password 'root' [root@wulaoer ~]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.6.12 Source distribution 二、YUM安装

在yum安装之前需要设置以下网络yum源，参考点击这里

在安装之前要看以下系统有没有自带的mysql是否已经安装。

[root@wulaoer ~]# yum list installed | grep mysql mysql.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 @base mysql-libs.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 @base mysql-server.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 @base [root@wulaoer ~]# yum -y remove mysql-libs.x86_64 当出现 Complete!时候说明已经卸载完成，可以重新查看以下 [root@wulaoer ~]# yum list installed | grep mysql [root@wulaoer ~]#

使用yum list | grep mysql 查看yum库上的mysql版本信心

[root@wulaoer ~]# yum list | grep mysql apr-util-mysql.x86_64 1.3.9-3.el6_0.1 base bacula-director-mysql.x86_64 5.0.0-13.el6 base bacula-storage-mysql.x86_64 5.0.0-13.el6 base dovecot-mysql.x86_64 1:2.0.9-19.el6_7.2 updates freeradius-mysql.x86_64 2.2.6-6.el6_7 updates libdbi-dbd-mysql.x86_64 0.8.3-5.1.el6 base mod_auth_mysql.x86_64 1:3.0.0-11.el6_0.1 base mysql.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base mysql-bench.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base mysql-connector-java.noarch 1:5.1.17-6.el6 base mysql-connector-odbc.x86_64 5.1.5r1144-7.el6 base mysql-devel.i686 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base mysql-devel.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base mysql-embedded.i686 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base mysql-embedded.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base mysql-embedded-devel.i686 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base mysql-embedded-devel.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base mysql-libs.i686 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base mysql-libs.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base mysql-server.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base mysql-test.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base php-mysql.x86_64 5.3.3-46.el6_6 updates qt-mysql.i686 1:4.6.2-28.el6_5 base qt-mysql.x86_64 1:4.6.2-28.el6_5 base rsyslog-mysql.x86_64 5.8.10-10.el6_6 base rsyslog7-mysql.x86_64 7.4.10-3.el6_7.1 updates View Code

也可以使用yum -y list mysql*

[root@wulaoer ~]# yum -y list mysql* Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * c6-media: Available Packages MySQL-python.x86_64 1.2.3-0.3.c1.1.el6 base mysql.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base mysql-bench.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base mysql-connector-java.noarch 1:5.1.17-6.el6 base mysql-connector-odbc.x86_64 5.1.5r1144-7.el6 base mysql-devel.i686 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base mysql-devel.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base mysql-embedded.i686 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base mysql-embedded.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base mysql-embedded-devel.i686 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base mysql-embedded-devel.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base mysql-libs.i686 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base mysql-libs.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base mysql-server.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base mysql-test.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base View Code

使用yum安装mysql数据库。

[root@wulaoer ~]# yum -y install mysql-server mysql mysql-devel

注：安装mysql只是安装了数据库，只有安装了mysql-server才相当于安装了客户端。

当出现Complete!的时候说明数据库安装成功了，

设置数据库密码

[root@wulaoer ~]# mysqladmin -uroot password 'wulaoer' mysqladmin: connect to server at 'localhost' failed error: 'Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)'

注：如果没有报错，说明数据库密码修改成功了，如果有以上错误，请继续。

[root@wulaoer ~]# service mysqld stop #停止数据库停止 mysqld： [确定] [root@wulaoer ~]# mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables & #初始化数据库 [1] 25576 [root@wulaoer ~]# 160120 21:07:11 mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mysqld.log'. 160120 21:07:11 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql [root@wulaoer ~]# mysql -uroot -p #直接进数据库不用密码 Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> use mysql; #切换到数据库 Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> update user set password=PASSWORD("wulaoer")where user="root";#修改数据库的密码 Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.01 sec) Rows matched: 3 Changed: 3 Warnings: 0 mysql> flush privileges;#更新权限 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> quit #退出 Bye [root@wulaoer ~]# service mysqld start 正在启动 mysqld： [确定] [root@wulaoer ~]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 6 Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

本文参考http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-10/108044.htm，请尊重别人的劳动成功。

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/wulaoer/p/5140714.html

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