HDU 6614 - AND Minimum Spanning Tree(2019杭电多校第四场A题)

it2022-07-05  113

                              AND Minimum Spanning Tree

                      Time Limit: 2000/1000 MS (Java/Others)    Memory Limit: 131072/131072 K (Java/Others)                                         Total Submission(s): 671    Accepted Submission(s): 350  

Problem Description

You are given a complete graph with N vertices, numbered from 1 to N.  The weight of the edge between vertex x and vertex y (1<=x, y<=N, x!=y) is simply the bitwise AND of x and y. Now you are to find minimum spanning tree of this graph.

 

Input

The first line of the input contains an integer T (1<= T <=10), the number of test cases. Then T test cases follow. Each test case consists of one line containing an integer N (2<=N<=200000).

 

Output

For each test case, you must output exactly 2 lines. You must print the weight of the minimum spanning tree in the 1st line. In the 2nd line, you must print N-1 space-separated integers f2, f3, … , fN, implying there is an edge between i and fi in your tree(2<=i<=N). If there are multiple solutions you must output the lexicographically smallest one. A tree T1 is lexicographically smaller than tree T2, if and only if the sequence f obtained by T1 is lexicographically smaller than the sequence obtained by T2.

 

Sample Input

2

3

2

Sample Output

1

1 1

0

1

题意解析:

给出n个顶点,你现在需要把这些顶点全部练起来,变成一个集合,每两个顶点之间距离的权值等于将他们两个的序号进行与操作(&)的结果,即 i 与 j 之间的距离 = i & j ,所以你第一个任务是输出将所有边连起来需要的权值之和,第二个任务是将每个顶点去找的顶点的序号输出,这里还有一个限定条件,就是如果有多个权值相等的结果,你需要输出一个字典序最小的序列,也就是每个顶点都需要去找尽量小的顶点连线。比如4(100)这个顶点,去找3(11),2(10),1(1)的话,权值都是0,但是1是最小值,所以只能去找1;

解题分析:

       先给出几个连接的情况:

首先我们知道,我们需要从2到n依次去找到对应的顶点,但其实这些点的二进制数字,可以分为下面几种情况:

1.  这个数是偶数,那么它的二进制最后一位是0,那么它去跟1连线的话,权值为0;

2. 它为奇数,但是所有二进制位全是1,比如3(11),那么它跟4(100)进行与操作,结果即为0,所以在这种情况下,我们需要判断i + 1 这个数与 n 的大小,如果,那么它就可以去找 i + 1 这个点,这样可以令权值为0;但是如果,也就是 i + 1 这个数不存在,那么它就只能去找1,因为只有这种情况才能令权值最小,而且字典序也是最小;

3. 它是奇数,但是其中有0的存在,比如5(101),那么它可以去跟2(10)进行与操作,这样可以令权值为0;当这个数有多个0时,比如21(10101),那么这个数跟2(10)和10(1010)进行与操作都可以使权值为0,但是要使字典序最小,我们只能选择2,也就是这个数的0所在的最小的权值;

而我们去实现的时候,就用二维数组,a[ i ] [ 0 ]存的是点 i 所对应的顶点序号,a[ i ] [ 1 ]存的是点 i 与对应顶点之间的权值;

代码篇:

#include <iostream> #define ll long long ///定义long long using namespace std; ll a[200005][2]; ///0为序号,1为权值; ll judge(ll a) ///判断有无0,若有返回最小权值 { ll ans = 0, res = 1; while(a) { if(!(a & 1)) ///判断最后一位是不是0 { ans = res; return ans; } res <<= 1; a >>= 1; } return ans; } int main() { ios::sync_with_stdio(false); ll t, n, sum; cin >> t; while(t--) { sum = 0; cin >> n; for(ll i = 2; i <= n; i++) { if(i % 2 == 0) ///偶数 { a[i][0] = 1; a[i][1] = 0; } else ///奇数 { if(ll x = judge(i)) ///有0 { a[i][0] = x; a[i][1] = 0; } else ///全1 { if(i + 1 <= n) { a[i][0] = i + 1; a[i][1] = 0; } else { a[i][0] = 1; a[i][1] = 1; } } } sum += a[i][1]; } cout << sum << endl; for(ll i = 2; i < n; i++) ///控制输出 cout << a[i][0] << ' '; cout << a[n][0] << endl; } return 0; }

 

OVER!


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