安卓常用的xml控件配件的使用包含shape,declare-styleable、selector

it2022-05-05  95

今天就讲我所遇到的常用到的一些通过xml文件制作的背景效果,以后用到的话就直接使用啦!哈哈,我一向就是这么懒!

接下来,就开始介绍了

1、shape的使用,可以混合使用

xml控件配置属性

android:background="@drawable/shape"

标签

corners ----------圆角gradient ----------渐变padding ----------内容离边界距离size ------------大小 solid  ----------填充颜色stroke ----------描边

 

注意的是corners的属性bottomLeftRadius为右下角、bottomRightRadius为左下角

 

 

shape制作圆角

<Button android:layout_width="160dp" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:background="@drawable/button_shape" android:text="圆角按钮" /> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" > <solid android:color="#fff"/> <padding android:top="10px" android:bottom="10px"/> <corners android:radius="16px"/> <stroke android:width="1px" android:color="#000"/> </shape>

shape制作虚线

没有dashGap属性则为实线

 

<View android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="5px" android:layout_marginTop="10dp" android:background="@drawable/line_shape" /> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:shape="line" > <stroke android:dashGap="3dp" android:dashWidth="8dp" android:width="1dp" android:color="#63a219" /> <size android:height="1dp" /> </shape>

shape制作渐变

<View android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="50dp" android:layout_marginTop="10dp" android:background="@drawable/gra_shape" /> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" > <gradient android:angle="270.0" android:endColor="#ffffff" android:startColor="#000000" /> </shape>

 

2、selector的使用

一.创建xml文件,位置:drawable/xxx.xml,同目录下记得要放相关图片

 

1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 2 <selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"> 3 4 <!-- 没有焦点时的背景图片 --> 5 <item android:drawable="@drawable/handle_normal" android:state_enabled="true" android:state_window_focused="false"/> 6 <!-- 触摸模式按下时的背景图片 --> 7 <item android:drawable="@drawable/handle_pressed" android:state_pressed="true"/> 8 <item android:drawable="@drawable/handle_focused" android:state_enabled="true" android:state_focused="true"/> 9 <item android:drawable="@drawable/handle_normal" android:state_enabled="true"/> 10 <!-- 获得焦点时的图片背景 --> 11 <item android:drawable="@drawable/handle_focused" android:state_focused="true"/> 12 13 <!-- 14 android:state_selected是选中 15 android:state_focused是获得焦点 16 android:state_pressed是点击 17 android:state_enabled是设置是否响应事件,指所有事件 18 --> 19 20 </selector>

 

.使用xml文件:

1.方法一:listview中配置android:listSelector="@drawable/xxx 或者在listview的item中添加属性android:background="@drawable/xxx"

2.方法二:Drawable drawable = getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.xxx);          ListView.setSelector(drawable);但是这样会出现列表有时候为黑的情况,需要加上:android:cacheColorHint="@android:color/transparent"使其透明。相关属性:

android:state_selected是选中 android:state_focused是获得焦点 android:state_pressed是点击 android:state_enabled是设置是否响应事件,指所有事件

根据这些状态同样可以设置buttonselector效果。也可以设置selector改变button中的文字状态。

以下是配置button中的文字效果:drawable/button_font.xml

1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 2 <selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"> 3 <item android:state_selected="true" android:color="#FFF" /> 4 <item android:state_focused="true" android:color="#FFF" /> 5 <item android:state_pressed="true" android:color="#FFF" /> 6 <item android:color="#000" /> 7 </selector>

 

 

 

Button还可以实现更复杂的效果,例如渐变drawable/button_color.xml

 

1 <span style="color:#330033;"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 2 <selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"> / 3 <item android:state_pressed="true">//定义当button 处于pressed 状态时的形态。 4 <shape> 5 <gradient android:startColor="#8600ff" /> 6 <stroke android:width="2dp" android:color="#000000" /> 7 <corners android:radius="5dp" /> 8 <padding android:left="10dp" android:top="10dp" 9 android:bottom="10dp" android:right="10dp"/> 10 </shape> 11 </item> 12 <item android:state_focused="true">//定义当button获得 focus时的形态 13 <shape> 14 <gradient android:startColor="#eac100"/> 15 <stroke android:width="2dp" android:color="#333333" color="#ffffff"/> 16 <corners android:radius="8dp" /> 17 <padding android:left="10dp" android:top="10dp" 18 android:bottom="10dp" android:right="10dp"/> 19 </shape> 20 </item> 21 </selector></span><span style="color:#ff0000;"> </span>

3、declare-styleable的使用

如何使用 declare-styleable

在创建 xml 到 objectName/res/values/ 命名为 attrs.xml编辑文件内容为(示例)<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><resources>   <declare-styleable name="test1">       <attr name="test" format = "float"></attr>   </declare-styleable></resources>在 layout 文件夹中的定义文件中,在使用处引用    <org.xiaoyunduo.MyText          xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/org.xiaoyunduo"        android:id="@+id/add"        android:layout_width="wrap_content"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        app:test="100"        android:text="@string/log_text_box_1_add_text"/>//我记得以前不需要定义 xmlns 现在必须要定义可以直接使用android:test 的形式,现在必须要定义 xmlns 了。在代码中获取 layout 文件中的值(最好是在构造方法中调用)        TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.test1);//TypedArray是一个数组容器          float textSize = a.getFloat(R.styleable.test1_test, 30);//防止在XML文件里没有定义,就加上了默认值30  将获取到的值初始化到控件中这里就不写了 在构造方法中值已经拿到,后面的爱怎么用就怎么用。

 

declare-styleable 定义说明:

 

1. reference:参考某一资源ID。

(1)属性定义:

<declare-styleable name = "名称">

<attr name = "background" format = "reference" />

</declare-styleable>

(2)属性使用:

<ImageView

android:layout_width = "42dip" android:layout_height = "42dip" android:background = "@drawable/图片ID"

/>

 

2. color:颜色值。

(1)属性定义:

<declare-styleable name = "名称">

<attr name = "textColor" format = "color" />

</declare-styleable>

(2)属性使用:

<TextView

android:layout_width = "42dip" android:layout_height = "42dip" android:textColor = "#00FF00"

/>

 

3. boolean:布尔值。

(1)属性定义:

<declare-styleable name = "名称">

<attr name = "focusable" format = "boolean" />

</declare-styleable>

(2)属性使用:

<Button

android:layout_width = "42dip" android:layout_height = "42dip"

android:focusable = "true"

/>

 

4. dimension:尺寸值。

(1)属性定义:

<declare-styleable name = "名称">

<attr name = "layout_width" format = "dimension" />

</declare-styleable>

(2)属性使用:

<Button

android:layout_width = "42dip" android:layout_height = "42dip"

/>

 

5. float:浮点值。

(1)属性定义:

<declare-styleable name = "AlphaAnimation">

<attr name = "fromAlpha" format = "float" /> <attr name = "toAlpha" format = "float" />

</declare-styleable>

(2)属性使用:

<alpha android:fromAlpha = "1.0" android:toAlpha = "0.7"

/>

 

6. integer:整型值。

(1)属性定义:

<declare-styleable name = "AnimatedRotateDrawable">

<attr name = "visible" /> <attr name = "frameDuration" format="integer" /> <attr name = "framesCount" format="integer" /> <attr name = "pivotX" /> <attr name = "pivotY" /> <attr name = "drawable" />

</declare-styleable>

(2)属性使用:

<animated-rotate

xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:drawable = "@drawable/图片ID" android:pivotX = "50%" android:pivotY = "50%" android:framesCount = "12" android:frameDuration = "100"

/>

 

7. string:字符串。

(1)属性定义:

<declare-styleable name = "MapView"> <attr name = "apiKey" format = "string" /> </declare-styleable>

(2)属性使用:

<com.google.android.maps.MapView android:layout_width = "fill_parent" android:layout_height = "fill_parent" android:apiKey = "0jOkQ80oD1JL9C6HAja99uGXCRiS2CGjKO_bc_g"

/>

8. fraction:百分数。

(1)属性定义:

<declare-styleable name="RotateDrawable"> <attr name = "visible" /> <attr name = "fromDegrees" format = "float" /> <attr name = "toDegrees" format = "float" /> <attr name = "pivotX" format = "fraction" /> <attr name = "pivotY" format = "fraction" /> <attr name = "drawable" /> </declare-styleable>

(2)属性使用:

<rotate

xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"    android:interpolator = "@anim/动画ID"

android:fromDegrees = "0"    android:toDegrees = "360"

android:pivotX = "200%"

android:pivotY = "300%"    android:duration = "5000"

android:repeatMode = "restart"

android:repeatCount = "infinite"

/>

 

9. enum:枚举值。

(1)属性定义:

<declare-styleable name="名称"> <attr name="orientation"> <enum name="horizontal" value="0" /> <enum name="vertical" value="1" /> </attr>

</declare-styleable>

 

(2)属性使用:

<LinearLayout

xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation = "vertical" android:layout_width = "fill_parent" android:layout_height = "fill_parent" > </LinearLayout>

 

10. flag:位或运算。

(1)属性定义:

<declare-styleable name="名称"> <attr name="windowSoftInputMode"> <flag name = "stateUnspecified" value = "0" /> <flag name = "stateUnchanged" value = "1" /> <flag name = "stateHidden" value = "2" /> <flag name = "stateAlwaysHidden" value = "3" /> <flag name = "stateVisible" value = "4" /> <flag name = "stateAlwaysVisible" value = "5" /> <flag name = "adjustUnspecified" value = "0x00" /> <flag name = "adjustResize" value = "0x10" /> <flag name = "adjustPan" value = "0x20" /> <flag name = "adjustNothing" value = "0x30" /> </attr>

</declare-styleable>

(2)属性使用:

<activity

android:name = ".StyleAndThemeActivity" android:label = "@string/app_name" android:windowSoftInputMode = "stateUnspecified | stateUnchanged | stateHidden"> <intent-filter> <action android:name = "android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name = "android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity>

注意:

属性定义时可以指定多种类型值。

(1)属性定义:

<declare-styleable name = "名称">

<attr name = "background" format = "reference|color" />

</declare-styleable>

(2)属性使用:

<ImageView

android:layout_width = "42dip" android:layout_height = "42dip" android:background = "@drawable/图片ID|#00FF00"

/>

 

定义命名空间

在自定义扩展的时候还可以自定义命名空间,但是我仿照 demo 的时候感觉不对。命名空间中的属性不能通过提示(alt+/)打出来,但 demo 的可以。

命名空间定义语法如下:(由于自己没整对此次贴的 drag_layout.xml 中的代码)<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"    xmlns:dot="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.example.android.apis"    android:layout_width="match_parent"    android:layout_height="wrap_content"    android:orientation="vertical"    >

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/wangying222/p/6183375.html

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