本系列文章用于记录个人Ubuntu16桌面版系统上Docker的学习与实战。【本机的虚拟机VMware Pro 12，安装Ubuntu18虚拟机失败，在服务器上部署的时候是使用的Ubuntu18版本，演示和练习就使用Ubuntu16版本吧】
Ubuntu16.04 64位版本下载地址： https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/16.04.4/
Ubuntu18.04 64位版本下载地址： https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/18.04/
虚拟机VMware 12 Pro版本：注册码：VY1DU-2VXDH-08DVQ-PXZQZ-P2KV8
官网地址：https://www.vmware.com/
VMware虚拟机的新建和安装过程省略。内存建议>2G,存储空间建议>100G(后面相关的软件很多)。虚拟机的设置参考如下图：
虚拟机核数可以根据自己电脑的核数设置，例如下图代表计算器是4核
安装配置Ubuntu过程如下：
直接选择：Install Ubuntu
勾选下载更新，继续
删除磁盘的数据，安装ubutun，直接安装
disk设置，默认继续即可
时区选择
键盘布局，直接下一步
设置虚拟机名称和用户信息：docker/docker 【安装的时候如果窗口太小无法看到选项，使用tab键切换选项，Enter即可】
安装完毕重启
安装完毕一台虚拟机之后，为了拓展方便，可以先克隆一台虚拟机做备份。
VMware中关闭虚拟机-选择虚拟机-虚拟机-管理-克隆
clone成功后，虚拟机列表显示克隆的机器
登录Ubuntu 16，打开All Settings-Displays-Resolution-Apply.设置合适的分辨率并保存
All Settings-Network
打开设置选项
勾选General中的这两个选项
IPV4设置中，建议固定IP，使用DHCP也可以
查看Ubuntu的版本命令
root@docker:~# lsb_release -aNo LSB modules are available.Distributor ID: UbuntuDescription: Ubuntu 16.04.4 LTSRelease: 16.04Codename: xenial
$sudo passwd root
输入密码，root有密码是可以SSH远程登录的基础
$su
$apt-get install openssh-server
启动ssh服务$service ssh start/stop/restart
查看服务运行，如果显示，表示服务运行中$ps -ef | grep ssh
设置ssh服务为开机时自动启动$vi /etc/rc.local
在exit 0 之前添加 /etc/init.d ssh start
开启root远程SSH登录权限
$vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
修改："PermitRootLogin *" 修改成 "PermitRootLogin yes"
使用XShell通过root用户远程登录成功即可：
$sudo apt install vim
$netstat -ntlp
默认的Ubuntu的软件源是在国外，安装软件的过程有点慢，可以添加阿里的Ubuntu软件源，安装软件的过程会大大提速。
$vi /etc/apt/sources.list
在文件最前面追加如下信息：
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiversedeb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiversedeb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiversedeb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiversedeb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
完整的sources.list如下：
1 #deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 16.04 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20160420.1)]/ xenial main restricted 2 3 deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse 4 deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse 5 deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse 6 deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse 7 deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse 8 deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse 9 deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse 10 deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse 11 deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse 12 deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse 13 # See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to 14 # newer versions of the distribution. 15 deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted 16 # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted 17 18 ## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the 19 ## distribution. 20 deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted 21 # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted 22 23 ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu 24 ## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to 25 ## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in 26 ## universe WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu security 27 ## team. 28 deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe 29 # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe 30 deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe 31 # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe 32 33 ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu 34 ## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to 35 ## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in 36 ## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu 37 ## security team. 38 deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse 39 # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse 40 deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse 41 # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse 42 43 ## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as 44 ## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes 45 ## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features. 46 ## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review 47 ## or updates from the Ubuntu security team. 48 deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse 49 # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse 50 51 ## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's 52 ## 'partner' repository. 53 ## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the 54 ## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users. 55 # deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner 56 # deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner 57 58 deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted 59 # deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted 60 deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security universe 61 # deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security universe 62 deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security multiverse 63 # deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security multiverse resources.list$apt-get update
$apt-get upgrade
重启机器有多种命令：
>$reboot
>$init 6
>$shutdown -h now
init一共分为7个级别，这7个级别的所代表的含义如下
0：停机或者关机（千万不能将initdefault设置为0）
1：单用户模式，只root用户进行维护
2：多用户模式，不能使用NFS(Net File System)
3：完全多用户模式（标准的运行级别）
4：安全模式
5：图形化（即图形界面）
6：重启（千万不要把initdefault设置为6）
按照上述步骤设置完Ubuntu之后，建议建立快照。以便后面做docker及其他软件安装的异常的还原点。VMware建立快照的步骤：
转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/forfreewill/articles/9125180.html
