The positions of objects on the earth's spherical surface are measured in degrees of latitude and longitude, also known as geographic coordinates. Latitude and longitude are not uniform units of measure; only along the equator（赤道） does the distance represented by one degree of longitude approximate the same distance of latitude.
To overcome measurement discrepancies, data is often transformed from the three-dimensional geographic coordinate system to a two-dimensional planar surface in a projected coordinate system.
Each coordinate system is defined by both a well-known ID (WKID) or a definition string (well-known text [WKT]). The ArcGIS API for Flex supports WKID. For a complete list of supported IDs and their corresponding definition strings, see the following:
Projected Coordinate Systems listingGeographic Coordinate Systems listing
创建一个空间参考系，只需要使用<esri:SpatialReference>标签就可以了，其中wkid 是esri已经定义好的空间参考系的ID，具体ID对应的空间参考可以在http://resources.esri.com/help/9.3/arcgisserver/apis/REST/index.html?gcs.html
Geographic Coordinate Systems （转）
Well-known IDName4001GCS_Airy_18304002GCS_Airy_Modified4003GCS_Australian4004GCS_Bessel_18414005GCS_Bessel_Modified4006GCS_Bessel_Namibia4007GCS_Clarke_18584008GCS_Clarke_18664009GCS_Clarke_1866_Michigan4010GCS_Clarke_1880_Benoit4011GCS_Clarke_1880_IGN4012GCS_Clarke_1880_RGS4013GCS_Clarke_1880_Arc4014GCS_Clarke_1880_SGA4015GCS_Everest_Adj_19374016GCS_Everest_def_19674018GCS_Everest_Modified4019GCS_GRS_19804020GCS_Helmert_19064021GCS_Indonesian4022GCS_International_19244023GCS_International_19674024GCS_Krasovsky_19404025GCS_NWL_9D4027GCS_Plessis_18174028GCS_Struve_18604029GCS_War_Office4031GCS_GEM_10C4032GCS_OSU_86F4033GCS_OSU_91A4034GCS_Clarke_18804035GCS_Sphere4036GCS_GRS_19674042GCS_Everest_18304044GCS_Everest_def_19624045GCS_Everest_def_19754047GCS_Sphere_GRS_1980_Authalic4052GCS_Sphere_Clarke_1866_Authalic4053GCS_Sphere_International_1924_Authalic4054GCS_Hughes_19804120GCS_Greek4121GCS_GGRS_19874122GCS_ATS_19774123GCS_KKJ4124GCS_RT_19904125GCS_Samboja4126GCS_LKS_19944127GCS_Tete4128GCS_Madzansua4129GCS_Observatario4130GCS_Moznet4131GCS_Indian_19604132GCS_FD_19584133GCS_Estonia_19924134GCS_PDO_19934135GCS_Old_Hawaiian4136GCS_St_Lawrence_Island4137GCS_St_Paul_Island4138GCS_St_George_Island4139GCS_Puerto_Rico4140GCS_North_American_1983_CSRS4141GCS_Israel4142GCS_Locodjo_19654143GCS_Abidjan_19874144GCS_Kalianpur_19374145GCS_Kalianpur_19624146GCS_Kalianpur_19754147GCS_Hanoi_19724148GCS_Hartebeesthoek_19944149GCS_CH19034150GCS_CH1903+4151GCS_Swiss_TRF_19954152GCS_North_American_1983_HARN4153GCS_Rassadiran4154GCS_European_1950_ED774155GCS_Dabola_19814156GCS_S_JTSK4157GCS_Mount_Dillon4158GCS_Naparima_19554159GCS_European_Libyan_Datum_19794160GCS_Chos_Malal_19144161GCS_Pampa_del_Castillo4162GCS_Korean_Datum_19854163GCS_Yemen_NGN_19964164GCS_South_Yemen4165GCS_Bissau4166GCS_Korean_Datum_19954167GCS_NZGD_20004168GCS_Accra4169GCS_American_Samoa_19624170GCS_SIRGAS4171GCS_RGF_19934172GCS_POSGAR4173GCS_IRENET954174GCS_Sierra_Leone_19244175GCS_Sierra_Leone_19684176GCS_Australian_Antarctic_19984178GCS_Pulkovo_1942_Adj_19834179GCS_Pulkovo_1942_Adj_19584180GCS_Estonia_19974181GCS_Luxembourg_19304182GCS_Azores_Occidental_19394183GCS_Azores_Central_19484184GCS_Azores_Oriental_19404185GCS_Madeira_19364188GCS_OSNI_19524189GCS_REGVEN4190GCS_POSGAR_19984191GCS_Albanian_19874192GCS_Douala_19484193GCS_Manoca_19624194GCS_Qornoq_19274195GCS_Scoresbysund_19524196GCS_Ammassalik_19584198GCS_Kousseri4199GCS_Egypt_19304200GCS_Pulkovo_19954201GCS_Adindan4202GCS_Australian_19664203GCS_Australian_19844204GCS_Ain_el_Abd_19704205GCS_Afgooye4206GCS_Agadez4207GCS_Lisbon4208GCS_Aratu4209GCS_Arc_19504210GCS_Arc_19604211GCS_Batavia4212GCS_Barbados_19384213GCS_Beduaram4214GCS_Beijing_19544215GCS_Belge_19504216GCS_Bermuda_19574217GCS_Bern_18984218GCS_Bogota4219GCS_Bukit_Rimpah4220GCS_Camacupa4221GCS_Campo_Inchauspe4222GCS_Cape4223GCS_Carthage4224GCS_Chua4225GCS_Corrego_Alegre4226GCS_Cote_d_Ivoire4227GCS_Deir_ez_Zor4228GCS_Douala4229GCS_Egypt_19074230GCS_European_19504231GCS_European_19874232GCS_Fahud4233GCS_Gandajika_19704234GCS_Garoua4235GCS_Guyane_Francaise4236GCS_Hu_Tzu_Shan4237GCS_Hungarian_19724238GCS_Indonesian_19744239GCS_Indian_19544240GCS_Indian_19754241GCS_Jamaica_18754242GCS_Jamaica_19694243GCS_Kalianpur_18804244GCS_Kandawala4245GCS_Kertau4246GCS_Kuwait_Oil_Company4247GCS_La_Canoa4248GCS_Provisional_S_American_19564249GCS_Lake4250GCS_Leigon4251GCS_Liberia_19644252GCS_Lome4253GCS_Luzon_19114254GCS_Hito_XVIII_19634255GCS_Herat_North4256GCS_Mahe_19714257GCS_Makassar4258GCS_ETRS_19894259GCS_Malongo_19874260GCS_Manoca4261GCS_Merchich4262GCS_Massawa4263GCS_Minna4264GCS_Mhast4265GCS_Monte_Mario4266GCS_Mporaloko4267GCS_North_American_19274268GCS_North_American_Michigan4269GCS_North_American_19834270GCS_Nahrwan_19674271GCS_Naparima_19724272GCS_New_Zealand_19494273GCS_NGO_19484274GCS_Datum_734275GCS_NTF4276GCS_NSWC_9Z_24277GCS_OSGB_19364278GCS_OSGB_1970_SN4279GCS_OS_SN_19804280GCS_Padang_18844281GCS_Palestine_19234282GCS_Pointe_Noire4283GCS_GDA_19944284GCS_Pulkovo_19424285GCS_Qatar_19744286GCS_Qatar_19484287GCS_Qornoq4288GCS_Loma_Quintana4289GCS_Amersfoort4291GCS_South_American_19694292GCS_Sapper_Hill_19434293GCS_Schwarzeck4294GCS_Segora4295GCS_Serindung4296GCS_Sudan4297GCS_Tananarive_19254298GCS_Timbalai_19484299GCS_TM654300GCS_TM754301GCS_Tokyo4302GCS_Trinidad_19034303GCS_Trucial_Coast_19484304GCS_Voirol_18754305GCS_Voirol_Unifie_19604306GCS_Bern_19384307GCS_Nord_Sahara_19594308GCS_RT384309GCS_Yacare4310GCS_Yoff4311GCS_Zanderij4312GCS_MGI4313GCS_Belge_19724314GCS_Deutsches_Hauptdreiecksnetz4315GCS_Conakry_19054316GCS_Dealul_Piscului_19334317GCS_Dealul_Piscului_19704318GCS_NGN4319GCS_KUDAMS4322GCS_WGS_19724324GCS_WGS_1972_BE4326GCS_WGS_19844404GCS_Montserrat_19584600GCS_Anguilla_19574601GCS_Antigua_19434602GCS_Dominica_19454603GCS_Grenada_19534605GCS_St_Kitts_19554606GCS_St_Lucia_19554607GCS_St_Vincent_19454608GCS_NAD_1927_Definition_19764609GCS_NAD_1927_CGQ774610GCS_Xian_19804611GCS_Hong_Kong_19804612GCS_JGD_20004613GCS_Gunung_Segara4614GCS_QND_19954615GCS_Porto_Santo_19364616GCS_Selvagem_Grande_19384617GCS_North_American_1983_CSRS4618GCS_South_American_19694619GCS_SWEREF994620GCS_Point_584621GCS_Fort_Marigot4622GCS_Sainte_Anne4623GCS_CSG_19674624GCS_RGFG_19954625GCS_Fort_Desaix4626GCS_Reunion_19474627GCS_RGR_19924628GCS_Tahiti_19524629GCS_Tahaa_19544630GCS_IGN72_Nuku_Hiva4631GCS_K0_19494632GCS_Combani_19504633GCS_IGN56_Lifou4636GCS_Petrels_19724637GCS_Pointe_Geologie_Perroud_19504638GCS_Saint_Pierre_et_Miquelon_19504639GCS_MOP784640GCS_RRAF_19914641GCS_IGN53_Mare4642GCS_ST84_Ile_des_Pins4643GCS_ST71_Belep4644GCS_NEA74_Noumea4645GCS_RGNC_19914646GCS_Grand_Comoros4657GCS_Reykjavik_19004658GCS_Hjorsey_19554659GCS_ISN_19934660GCS_Helle_19544661GCS_LKS_19924662GCS_IGN72_Grande_Terre4663GCS_Porto_Santo_19954664GCS_Azores_Oriental_19954665GCS_Azores_Central_19954666GCS_Lisbon_18904667GCS_IKBD_19924668GCS_European_19794669GCS_LKS_19944670GCS_IGM_19954671GCS_Voirol_18794672GCS_Chatham_Island_19714673GCS_Chatham_Islands_19794674GCS_SIRGAS_20004675GCS_Guam_19634676GCS_Vientiane_19824677GCS_Lao_19934678GCS_Lao_19974679GCS_Jouik_19614680GCS_Nouakchott_19654682GCS_Gulshan_3034683GCS_PRS_19924684GCS_Gan_19704686GCS_MAGNA4687GCS_RGPF4688GCS_Fatu_Iva_19724689GCS_IGN63_Hiva_Oa4690GCS_Tahiti_19794691GCS_Moorea_19874692GCS_Maupiti_19834693GCS_Nakhl-e_Ghanem4694GCS_POSGAR_19944695GCS_Katanga_19554696GCS_Kasai_19554697GCS_IGC_1962_6th_Parallel_South4698GCS_Kerguelen_Island_19494699GCS_Le_Pouce_19344700GCS_IGN_Astro_19604701GCS_IGCB_19554702GCS_Mauritania_19994703GCS_Mhast_19514704GCS_Mhast_Onshore4705GCS_Mhast_Offshore4706GCS_Egypt_Gulf_of_Suez_S-650_TL4707GCS_Tern_Island_19614708GCS_Anna_1_19654709GCS_Beacon_E_19454710GCS_DOS_71_44711GCS_Astro_19524712GCS_Ascension_Island_19584713GCS_Ayabelle4714GCS_Bellevue_IGN4715GCS_Camp_Area4716GCS_Canton_19664717GCS_Cape_Canaveral4718GCS_Solomon_19684719GCS_Easter_Island_19674720GCS_Fiji_19864721GCS_Fiji_19564722GCS_ISTS_061_19684723GCS_Grand_Cayman_19594724GCS_ISTS_073_19694725GCS_Johnston_Island_19614726GCS_Little_Cayman_19614727GCS_Midway_19614728GCS_Pico_de_Las_Nieves4729GCS_Pitcairn_19674730GCS_Santo_DOS_19654731GCS_Viti_Levu_19164732GCS_Wake_Eniwetok_19604733GCS_Wake_Island_19524734GCS_Tristan_19684735GCS_Kusaie_19514736GCS_Deception_Island4737GCS_Korea_20004738GCS_Hong_Kong_19634739GCS_Hong_Kong_1963_674740GCS_PZ_19904741GCS_FD_19544742GCS_GDM_20004743GCS_Karbala_1979_Polservice4744GCS_Nahrwan_19344745GCS_RD/834746GCS_PD/834747GCS_Greenland_19964748GCS_Vanua_Levu_19154749GCS_RGNC_1991-934750GCS_ST87_Ouvea4753GCS_fk894754GCS_LGD20064755GCS_DGN_19954756GCS_VN_20004757GCS_SVY214758GCS_JAD_20014759GCS_NAD_1983_NSRS20074760GCS_WGS_19664801GCS_Bern_1898_Bern4802GCS_Bogota_Bogota4803GCS_Lisbon_Lisbon4804GCS_Makassar_Jakarta4805GCS_MGI_Ferro4806GCS_Monte_Mario_Rome4807GCS_NTF_Paris4808GCS_Padang_1884_Jakarta4809GCS_Belge_1950_Brussels4810GCS_Tananarive_1925_Paris4811GCS_Voirol_1875_Paris4812GCS_Voirol_Unifie_1960_Paris4813GCS_Batavia_Jakarta4814GCS_RT38_Stockholm4815GCS_Greek_Athens4816GCS_Carthage_Paris4817GCS_NGO_1948_Oslo4818GCS_S_JTSK_Ferro4819GCS_Nord_Sahara_1959_Paris4820GCS_Gunung_Segara_Jakarta4821GCS_Voirol_1879_Paris4896GCS_ITRF_20054901GCS_ATF_Paris4902GCS_Nord_de_Guerre_Paris4903GCS_Madrid_1870_Madrid4904GCS_Lisbon_1890_Lisbon37001GCS_WGS_196637002GCS_Fischer_196037003GCS_Fischer_196837004GCS_Fischer_Modified37005GCS_Hough_196037006GCS_Everest_Modified_196937007GCS_Walbeck37008GCS_Sphere_ARC_INFO37201GCS_European_197937202GCS_Everest_Bangladesh37203GCS_Everest_India_Nepal37204GCS_Hjorsey_195537205GCS_Hong_Kong_1963_6737206GCS_Oman37207GCS_South_Asia_Singapore37208GCS_Ayabelle37211GCS_Point_5837212GCS_Beacon_E_194537213GCS_Tern_Island_196137214GCS_Astro_195237215GCS_Bellevue_IGN37216GCS_Canton_196637217GCS_Chatham_Island_197137218GCS_DOS_196837219GCS_Easter_Island_196737220GCS_Guam_196337221GCS_GUX_137222GCS_Johnston_Island_196137223GCS_Carthage_Degree37224GCS_Midway_196137226GCS_Pitcairn_196737227GCS_Santo_DOS_196537228GCS_Viti_Levu_191637229GCS_Wake_Eniwetok_196037230GCS_Wake_Island_195237231GCS_Anna_1_196537232GCS_Gan_197037233GCS_ISTS_073_196937234GCS_Kerguelen_Island_194937235GCS_Reunion_194737237GCS_Ascension_Island_195837238GCS_DOS_71_437239GCS_Cape_Canaveral37240GCS_Fort_Thomas_195537241GCS_Graciosa_Base_SW_194837242GCS_ISTS_061_196837243GCS_LC5_196137245GCS_Observ_Meteorologico_193937246GCS_Pico_de_Las_Nieves37247GCS_Porto_Santo_193637249GCS_Sao_Braz37250GCS_Selvagem_Grande_193837251GCS_Tristan_196837252GCS_American_Samoa_196237253GCS_Camp_Area37254GCS_Deception_Island37255GCS_Gunung_Segara37257GCS_S42_Hungary37259GCS_Kusaie_195137260GCS_Alaskan_Islands104000GCS_Assumed_Geographic_1104101GCS_Estonia_1937104102GCS_Hermannskogel104103GCS_Sierra_Leone_1960104104GCS_Hong_Kong_1980104105GCS_Datum_Lisboa_Bessel104106GCS_Datum_Lisboa_Hayford104107GCS_RGF_1993104108GCS_NZGD_2000104109GCS_Pohnpei104110GCS_REGVEN104111GCS_JGD_2000104112GCS_Bab_South104113GCS_Majuro104114GCS_Bermuda_2000104115GCS_ITRF_1988104116GCS_ITRF_1989104117GCS_ITRF_1990104118GCS_ITRF_1991104119GCS_ITRF_1992104120GCS_ITRF_1993104121GCS_ITRF_1994104122GCS_ITRF_1996104123GCS_ITRF_1997104124GCS_ITRF_2000104125GCS_Chatham_Islands_1979104126GCS_Observatorio_Meteorologico_1965104127GCS_Roma_1940104128GCS_Sphere_EMEP104129GCS_EUREF_FIN104130GCS_Jordan104131GCS_D48104132GCS_Ocotepeque_1935104133GCS_JAD_2001104134GCS_MONREF_1997104135GCS_MSK_1942104136GCS_TWD_1967104137GCS_TWD_1997104199GCS_WGS_1984_Major_Auxiliary_Sphere104258GCS_ETRF_1989104261GCS_Merchich_Degree104304GCS_Voirol_1875_Degree104305GCS_Voirol_Unifie_1960_Degree104700GCS_NAD_1983_HARN_Adj_MN_Anoka104701GCS_NAD_1983_HARN_Adj_MN_Becker104702GCS_NAD_1983_HARN_Adj_MN_Beltrami_North104703GCS_NAD_1983_HARN_Adj_MN_Beltrami_South104704GCS_NAD_1983_HARN_Adj_MN_Benton104705GCS_NAD_1983_HARN_Adj_MN_Big_Stone104706GCS_NAD_1983_HARN_Adj_MN_Blue_Earth104707GCS_NAD_1983_HARN_Adj_MN_Brown104708GCS_NAD_1983_HARN_Adj_MN_Carlton104709GCS_NAD_1983_HARN_Adj_MN_Carver104710GCS_NAD_1983_HARN_Adj_MN_Cass_North104711GCS_NAD_1983_HARN_Adj_MN_Cass_South104712GCS_NAD_1983_HARN_Adj_MN_Chippewa104713GCS_NAD_1983_HARN_Adj_MN_Chisago104714GCS_NAD_1983_HARN_Adj_MN_Cook_North104715GCS_NAD_1983_HARN_Adj_MN_Cook_South104716GCS_NAD_1983_HARN_Adj_MN_Cottonwood% 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