主要参考：
1、http://www.ozbotz.org/opencv-installation/
2、http://www.ozbotz.org/opencv-install-troubleshooting/
开发环境：VMware下Ubuntu+OpenCV2.4.7
安装过程：
To install and configure OpenCV 2.4.1, complete the following steps. The commands shown in each step can be copy and pasted directly into a Linux command line.
Remove any installed versions of ffmpeg and x264.sudo apt-get remove ffmpeg x264 libx264-dev
Get all the dependencies for x264 and ffmpeg.
sudo apt-get updatesudo apt-get install build-essential checkinstall git cmake libfaac-dev libjack-jackd2-dev libmp3lame-dev libopencore-amrnb-dev libopencore-amrwb-dev libsdl1.2-dev libtheora-dev libva-dev libvdpau-dev libvorbis-dev libx11-dev libxfixes-dev libxvidcore-dev texi2html yasm zlib1g-dev
Download and install gstreamer.
sudo apt-get install libgstreamer0.10-0 libgstreamer0.10-dev gstreamer0.10-tools gstreamer0.10-plugins-base libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-dev gstreamer0.10-plugins-good gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg
Download and install gtk.
sudo apt-get install libgtk2.0-0 libgtk2.0-dev
Download and install libjpeg.
sudo apt-get install libjpeg8 libjpeg8-dev
Create a directory to hold source code.
cd ~mkdir src
Download and install install x264. Download a recent stable snapshot of x264 from ftp://ftp.videolan.org/pub/videolan/x264/snapshots/. The exact version does not seem to matter. To write this guide, I used version x264-snapshot-20120528-2245-stable.tar.bz2, but I have used previous versions too.
cd ~/src
wget ftp://ftp.videolan.org/pub/videolan/x264/snapshots/x264-snapshot-20120528-2245-stable.tar.bz2
tar xvf x264-snapshot-20120528-2245-stable.tar.bz2
cd x264-snapshot-20120528-2245-stable
Configure and build the x264 libraries../configure --enable-staticmakesudo make install
IMPORTANT: If you are running a 64-bit version of Ubuntu, you must configure x264 as shown in the following command:
./configure --enable-shared --enable-pic
The -shared and -pic options might also be required when you compile for some other architectures, such as ARM. You know you need these options if you get the following error when compiling OpenCV:
[ 25%] Building CXX object modules/highgui/CMakeFiles/opencv_highgui.dir/src/bitstrm.cpp.oLinking CXX shared library ../../lib/libopencv_highgui.so/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libavcodec.a(avpacket.o): relocation R_X86_64_32S against `av_destruct_packet' can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC/usr/local/lib/libavcodec.a: could not read symbols: Bad value
Download and install install ffmpeg. Download ffmpeg version 0.11.1 from http://ffmpeg.org/download.html.
cd ~/srcwget http://ffmpeg.org/releases/ffmpeg-0.11.1.tar.bz2tar xvf ffmpeg-0.11.1.tar.bz2cd ffmpeg-0.11.1
Configure and build ffmpeg../configure --enable-gpl --enable-libfaac --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libtheora --enable-libvorbis --enable-libx264 --enable-libxvid --enable-nonfree --enable-postproc --enable-version3 --enable-x11grab
makesudo make install
IMPORTANT: Just like with x264 in the previous step, you must configure ffmpeg with the -shared and -pic options if you are running a 64-bit version of Ubuntu or some other architectures, such as ARM.
./configure --enable-gpl --enable-libfaac --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libtheora --enable-libvorbis --enable-libx264 --enable-libxvid --enable-nonfree --enable-postproc --enable-version3 --enable-x11grab --enable-shared --enable-pic
Download and install install a recent version of v4l (video for linux) from http://www.linuxtv.org/downloads/v4l-utils/. For this guide I used version 0.8.8.
cd ~/src
wget http://www.linuxtv.org/downloads/v4l-utils/v4l-utils-0.8.8.tar.bz2
tar xvf v4l-utils-0.8.8.tar.bz2cd v4l-utils-0.8.8makesudo make install
Download and install install OpenCV 2.4.2. Download OpenCV version 2.4.2 from http://sourceforge.net/projects/opencvlibrary/files/
cd ~/src
wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/opencvlibrary/opencv-unix/2.4.2/OpenCV-2.4.2.tar.bz2
tar xvf OpenCV-2.4.2.tar.bz2
Create a new build directory and run cmake:cd OpenCV-2.4.2/mkdir buildcd buildcmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE ..
Verify that the output of cmake includes the following text: found gstreamer-base-0.10GTK+ 2.x: YESFFMPEG: YESGStreamer: YESV4L/V4L2: Using libv4lBuild and install OpenCV.makesudo make install
Configure Linux. Tell linux where the shared libraries for OpenCV are located by entering the following shell command:
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib
Add the command to your .bashrc file so that you don’t have to enter every time your start a new terminal. （注：我主要采用将export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib加入.bashrc file的方法，.bashrc file为隐藏文件，在主用户目录下，可用shell命令：ls -al查看）
Alternatively, you can configure the system wide library search path. Using your favorite editor, add a single line containing the text /usr/local/lib to the end of a file named /etc/ld.so.conf.d/opencv.conf. In the standard Ubuntu install, the opencv.conf file does not exist; you need to create it. Using vi, for example, enter the following commands:
sudo vi /etc/ld.so.conf.d/opencv.confGo/usr/local/lib<Esc>:wq!
After editing the opencv.conf file, enter the following command:
sudo ldconfig /etc/ld.so.conf
.
Using your favorite editor, add the following two lines to the end of /etc/bash.bashrc:PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$PKG_CONFIG_PATH:/usr/local/lib/pkgconfigexport PKG_CONFIG_PATH
After completing the previous steps, your system should be ready to compile code that uses the OpenCV libraries. The following example shows one way to compile code for OpenCV(这里最好先进行重启):
g++ `pkg-config opencv --cflags` main.cpp -o main `pkg-config opencv --libs`
以上按照过程中，可能会遇到其他问题，许多都可参考《OpenCV Installation Troubleshooting Guide》,里面有详细的问题描述及解答，非常清楚。
最后g++编译的代码main.cpp如下：
#include <cv.h> #include <opencv/highgui.h> #include<stdio.h> #include<opencv2/opencv.hpp> using namespace cv; int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { CvCapture* pCapture = cvCreateCameraCapture(0); cvNamedWindow("Video", 1); while(1) { IplImage* pFrame=cvQueryFrame( pCapture ); if(!pFrame)break; cvShowImage("Video",pFrame); char c=cvWaitKey(33); if(c==27)break; } cvReleaseCapture(&pCapture); cvDestroyWindow("Video"); return 0; }读取摄像头结果如下图：
转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/jym-sunshine/p/5654194.html
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