Angular和jQuery的ajax请求的差别

it2025-10-12 7

近期项目中使用angular，结果发现后台没法获取參数，所以，略微研究了一下两者在发送ajax时的差别。注意angular和jquery的ajax请求是不同的。在jquery中，官方文档解释contentType默认是 application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8 contentType (default: 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8') Type: String When sending data to the server, use this content type. Default is "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8", which is fine for most cases. If you explicitly pass in a content-type to $.ajax(), then it is always sent to the server (even if no data is sent). The W3C XMLHttpRequest specification dictates that the charset is always UTF-8; specifying another charset will not force the browser to change the encoding. Note: For cross-domain requests, setting the content type to anything other than application/x-www-form-urlencoded, multipart/form-data, or text/plain will trigger the browser to send a preflight OPTIONS request to the server. 而參数data，jquery是进行了转换的。 data Type: PlainObject or String or Array Data to be sent to the server. It is converted to a query string, if not already a string. It's appended to the url for GET-requests. See processData option to prevent this automatic processing. Object must be Key/Value pairs. If value is an Array, jQuery serializes multiple values with same key based on the value of the traditional setting (described below). 看以下这段

Sending Data to the Server

By default, Ajax requests are sent using the GET HTTP method. If the POST method is required, the method can be specified by setting a value for the type option. This option affects how the contents of the data option are sent to the server. POST data will always be transmitted to the server using UTF-8 charset, per the W3C XMLHTTPRequest standard.

The data option can contain either a query string of the form key1=value1&key2=value2, or an object of the form {key1: 'value1', key2: 'value2'}. If the latter form is used, the data is converted into a query string using jQuery.param()before it is sent. This processing can be circumvented by setting processData to false. The processing might be undesirable if you wish to send an XML object to the server; in this case, change the contentType option from application/x-www-form-urlencoded to a more appropriate MIME type.

所以，jquery是javascript对象转换了字符串，传给后台。在SpringMVC中，就能够使用@RequestParam注解或者request.getParameter()方法获取參数。而在angular中，$http的contentType默认值是 application/json;charset=UTF-8 这样在后台，SpringMVC通过@RequestParam注解或者request.getParameter()方法是获取不到參数的。写了demo程序。html页面 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 <!DOCTYPE html> < html > < head > < title ></ title > < script src = "js/jquery.js" ></ script > < script src = "js/angular.js" ></ script > </ head > < body ng-app = "myApp" > < div > < h1 >Hello World</ h1 > </ div > < div > < span >Angular ajax:</ span > < a href = "#" ng-controller = "btnCtrl" ng-click = "asave()" >Button</ a > </ div > < div > < span >jQuery ajax:</ span > < a href = "#" id = "jBtn" >Button</ a > </ div > < div > < span >Angular as jQuery ajax:</ span > < a href = "#" ng-controller = "btnCtrl" ng-click = "ajsave()" >Button</ a > </ div > </ body > < script src = "js/index.js" ></ script > </ html > 页面上有三个button：第一个使用angular 的 $http发送ajax请求第二个使用jquery的 $ajax发送ajax请求第三个使用angular的$http方法依照jquery中的方式发送ajax请求 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 var myApp = angular.module( 'myApp' ,[]); var btnCtrl = myApp.controller( 'btnCtrl' ,[ '$scope' , '$http' , function ($scope,$http){ $scope.asave = function (){ var user = { name : 'zhangsan' , id : '3' } $http({method: 'POST' ,url: '/asave' ,data:user}).success( function (data){ console.log(data); }) }; $scope.ajsave = function (){ var data = 'namelisi&id=4' $http({ method: 'POST' , url: 'ajsave' , data: data, // pass in data as strings headers: { 'Content-Type' : 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8' } }).success( function (data) { console.log(data); }); }; }]); $( '#jBtn' ).on( 'click' , function (){ $.ajax({ type : 'POST' , url : 'jsave' , data : {name: 'wangwu' ,id: '5' }, dataType: 'json' , success : function (data){ console.log(data); } }) }); 使用angular发送请求（asave方法）时，使用firbug看：使用jquery发送请求（jsave方法）时，使用firbug看：所以，假设想用angular达到同样的效果，主要有点： 1.改动Content-Type为application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8 2.请求參数的格式 key=value的格式，假设，多个，则使用&连接 ajsave方法，经过改造后，用firbug看源码这是前端的发送，那后端使用springmvc接受參数，怎么处理呢？曾经使用jquery，一般使用@RequestParam注解或者request.getParameter方法接受数据。可是使用angular后，这样是接受不到数据的。假设想接受，能够这样，定义一个接受的类，要有setter和getter方法。定义User类 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 public class User { public String name; public String id; public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this .name = name; } public String getId() { return id; } public void setId(String id) { this .id = id; } } 在Controller中 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 @RequestMapping ( "/asave" ) @ResponseBody public String asave( @RequestBody User user){ System.out.println( "name---" +user.getName()); System.out.println( "id---" +user.getId()); return "ok" ; } 所以，angular默认的这样的请求的传參方式，还得定义一个类，所以，在使用angular发送请求时，能够依照上面说的方法，改成jquery方式，这样，对于一些简单參数，获取就比較方便一些。完整controller代码： 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 @Controller public class MyController { @RequestMapping ( "/test" ) @ResponseBody public String test(){ return "hello world" ; } @RequestMapping ( "/asave" ) @ResponseBody public String asave( @RequestBody User user){ System.out.println( "name---" +user.getName()); System.out.println( "id---" +user.getId()); return "ok" ; } @RequestMapping ( "/jsave" ) @ResponseBody public String jsave( @RequestParam String name, @RequestParam String id){ System.out.println( "name---" +name); System.out.println( "id---" +id); return "ok" ; } @RequestMapping ( "/ajsave" ) @ResponseBody public String ajsave( @RequestParam String name, @RequestParam String id){ System.out.println( "name---" +name); System.out.println( "id---" +id); return "ok" ; } }

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/bhlsheji/p/4038325.html

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