记Nginx反向代理、负载均衡

Nginx配置文件

/usr/local/nainx/conf/nginx.conf

文件结构

1、 全局块

#配置影响全局的配置 #用户组 #user nobody; #允许进程数 worker_processes 1; #全局错误日志 notice、info 日志级别 #error_log logs/error.log; #error_log logs/error.log notice; #error_log logs/error.log info; #pid 存放路径 #pid logs/nginx.pid

2 、 events块

events { #最大连接数 worker_connections 1024; }

3 、 http块

嵌套多个serve配置反向代理功能提供负载均衡支持 http { #多个主机对应多个server ... server{ #虚拟主机配置；web服务器 ... location [pattern]{ #正则过来url，不同url对应不同location ... } ... location[pattern]{ ... } ... } server{ ... } }

4 、 server块

配置虚拟主机的相关参数

5 、 location块

请求URL过滤，正则匹配

配置后nginx.conf

#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' # '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' # '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; #access_log logs/access.log main; sendfile on; #tcp_nopush on; #keepalive_timeout 0; keepalive_timeout 65; #gzip on; # 与location块中proxy_pass的名字相同 upstream itripbiz_server{ server 127.0.0.1:8080; } #第一个server server { #监听端口 listen 80; #监听地址，使用该地址访问 server_name itrip.project.bdqn.cn; #location 中提出设置默认路径默认页 root /data/itrip/itripfront; index index.html; #charset koi8-r; #access_log logs/host.access.log main; location / { #将request请求中的post和客户端真实ip的代理到tomcat,否则只能取到nginx ip proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; #反向代理 proxy_pass http://itripbiz_server; } #静态文件缓存 location ~ .*\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|ico|cur|gz|svg|svgz|mp4|ogg|ogv|webm)$ { proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_pass http://itripbiz_server; expires 6h; } location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$ { proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_pass http://itripbiz_server; expires 2h; } access_log /data/logs/nginx/app_access.log; #error_page 404 /404.html; # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html # error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root html; } # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80 # #location ~ \.php$ { # proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1; #} # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000 # #location ~ \.php$ { # root html; # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; # fastcgi_index index.php; # fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name; # include fastcgi_params; #} # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root # concurs with nginx's one # #location ~ /\.ht { # deny all; #} } # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration # #server { # listen 8000; # listen somename:8080; # server_name somename alias another.alias; # location / { # root html; # index index.html index.htm; # } #} # HTTPS server # #server { # listen 443 ssl; # server_name localhost; # ssl_certificate cert.pem; # ssl_certificate_key cert.key; # ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m; # ssl_session_timeout 5m; # ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5; # ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; # location / { # root html; # index index.html index.htm; # } #}

反向代理成功设置成功，启动tomcat 检测nginx.conf是否合法

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

出现错误

[root@MiWiFi-R4-srv bin]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t nginx: [emerg] "upstream" directive is not allowed here in /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf:45 nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test failed # upstream 位置不对放在server 块外 [root@MiWiFi-R4-srv bin]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t nginx: [emerg] directive "location" has no opening "{" in /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf:57 nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test failed [root@MiWiFi-R4-srv bin]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: [emerg] open() "/data/logs/nginx/app_access.log" failed (2: No such file or directory) nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test failed #文件路径不存在，mkdir -p ........ [root@MiWiFi-R4-srv bin]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful #检测通过 #启动nginx [root@MiWiFi-R4-srv bin]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

配置负载均衡

1、轮询

upstream itripbiz_server {#轮询方式 server 127.0.0.1:8082; server 127.0.0.1:8080; }

2、热备

backup upstream itripbiz_server {#热备方式 宕机后转发至热备服务器 server 127.0.0.1:8082; server 127.0.0.1:8080 backup; }

3、权重

weight upstream itripbiz_server {#权重 server 127.0.0.1:8082; server 127.0.0.1:8080 weigth=2; }

4、IP地址hash

ip_hash解决Tomcat之间session 共享 upstream itripbiz_server { ip_hash; server 127.0.0.1:8082; server 127.0.0.1:8080 weigth=2; }

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