Ubuntu 18.04 教程
清华源 1 deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse 2 deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse 3 deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse 4 deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse 5 deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse 6 deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse 7 deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse 8 deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse 9 deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse 10 deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse 清华源 阿里源 deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse 阿里源 网易源 deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse 网易源 中科大源 deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse 中科大源
此处以清华源为例：
按住Ctrl+alt+t打开命令行输入: sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list 输入密码将上面的源复制到文件中，并覆盖，选择一处即可更新 1 sudo apt-get update 2 sudo apt-get upgrate 此处可能会报错，显示无法获得锁，注销一下再执行即可
安装jdk1.8 去官网下载1.8版本的jdk，例如我用的1.8.0_171为避免到其他位置解压缩麻烦，建议下载后，直接在下载文件夹选中文件，右键提取到此处在opt目录下新建一个environment目录，再创建一个Java子目录： sudo mkdir environment sudo mkdir java 移动解压缩后的jdk目录到java目录下： sudo mv jdk1.8.0_171 /opt/environment/java/ 配置环境变量： sudo gedit ~/.bashrc 然后将下面三行粘贴到文件最底部，将位置修改为自己的 1 export JAVA_HOME=/opt/environment/jdk1.8.0_171 2 export CLASSPATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/lib 3 export PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:$PATH 使用java -version测试是否安装完成安装MySQL57 此处选择后台下载方式，首先复制下列语句到终端: wget -b https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -o mysql-download.log 可以使用 下列语句查看下载进度： tail -f mysql-download.log 解压缩，并移动到指定目录，如: sudo mv mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /opt/ 创建软链接： sudo ln -s /opt/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ /opt/mysql 安装依赖： 1 sudo apt-cache search libaio 2 sudo apt-get install libaio1 建立用户组: 1 sudo groupadd mysql 2 sudo useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql 创建服务端配置文件: 1 cat > /opt/mysql/etc/my.cnf <<CNF 2 [mysqld] 3 basedir=/opt/mysql 4 datadir=/data/mysql 5 port=3306 6 socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock 7 max_connections=260 8 pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql.pid 9 log-error=/data/mysql/error.log 10 CNF 初始化数据目录： 1 sudo /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld ---defaults-file=/opt/mysql/etc/my.cnf --user=mysql –initialize-in 2 SQL> alter user root@localhost identified by '1'; 启动musql： sudo /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/opt/mysql/etc/my.cnf --user=mysql 2>&1 & 创建客户端配置文件： 1 cat >~/.my.cnf <<EOF 2 [client]user=root 3 password=1 4 #在 /opt/mysql/etc/my.cnf 中有配置。用于本机进程通信 5 socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock 6 EOF 注：因为我本人安装MySQL的时候网上并没有系统的关于ubuntu18.04的教程，所以当时安装的不是很顺利，最后没办法，把压缩包解压后，一个一个点击安装的，此处教程转自博客园网友ChaseForFuture，原文地址安装eclipse 安装eclipse相对简单，到eclipse官网下载最新的eclipse 4.7.3a的安装包，然后解压缩移动到/opt 目录下即可，但是每次使用都需要进入eclipse的bin目录太麻烦，建议手工配置桌面快捷方式步骤如下： 打开终端，输入sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/eclipse.desktop将下面的这段代码复制进去： 1 [Desktop Entry] 2 3 Encoding=UTF-8 4 5 Name=Eclipse 6 7 Comment=Eclipse 8 9 #将下面这行改成自己的安装位置，最后一个eclipse不要擅自去掉，linux下eclipse的可运行文件没有后缀名 10 11 Exec=/opt/software/eclipse-jee-oxygen-3a-linux-gtk-x86_64/eclipse/eclipse 12 13 Icon=/opt/software/eclipse-jee-oxygen-3a-linux-gtk-x86_64/eclipse/icon.xpm 14 15 Terminal=false 16 17 StartupNotify=true 18 19 Type=Application 20 21 Categories=Application;Development eclipse 安装idea 安装idea教程和上面安装eclipse差不多如果需要破解的话，到http://idea.lanyus.com/下载破解补丁，然后打开安装目录下bin目录，粘贴找到idea64.vmoptions和idea.vmoptions，使用gedit或者vim打开，在最底下加上如下代码： -javaagent:/opt/software/ideaIU-2018.1.2/idea-IU-181.4668.68/bin/JetbrainsCrack-2.7-release-str.jar 冒号后面的地址指向破解补丁对应的地址创建快捷方式或者使用sh idea.sh 命令打开idea，选择第二种验证方式，验证代码可以随意输入创建快捷方式和上面步骤相同，也略有不同，如下： 1 [Desktop Entry] 2 Encoding=UTF-8 3 Name=IntelliJ IDEA 4 Comment=IntelliJ IDEA 5 #因为idea在linux下的可运行文件是.sh方式，所以配置稍有不同 6 Exec=sh /opt/software/ideaIU-2018.1.2/idea-IU-181.4668.68/bin/idea.sh 7 Icon=/opt/software/ideaIU-2018.1.2/idea-IU-181.4668.68/bin/idea.png 8 Terminal=false 9 Type=Application 10 Categories=Developer; 11 Name[zh_CN]=IDEA idea快捷方式 安装maven 解压缩并移动到自定义的目录配置环境变量，如上配置jdk，使用： sudo gedit ~/.bashrc 添加如下代码： 1 export M2_HOME=/opt/environment/maven/apache-maven-3.5.3-bin/apache-maven-3.5.3 2 export PATH=${M2_HOME}/bin:$PATH 使用mvn -v 验证安装是否成功安装git 至于git，安装很简单： sudo apt-get install git 使用方式我就懒得放了，写了一下午，脖子酸
ubuntu18.04，因为依赖原因造成搜狗输入法安装失败，或者安装后无法启动等问题。
首先，到搜狗官网下载最新的deb安装文件然后使用命令行安装依赖：sudo apt install libfcitx-qt0在文件下载目录创建一个新的临时文件夹：mkdir temp接着将deb安装文件解压到temp文件夹中：dpkg-deb -R sogoupinyin_2.2.0.0102_amd64.deb temp/使用gedit编辑器编辑 temp/DEBIAN/control ：gedit temp/DEBIAN/control找到fcitx-libs-qt (>= 4.2.7)，将之替换成libfcitx-qt0 (>= 1:4.2.9.6-1)在temp同级目录下创建新的build文件夹重新封包：dpkg-deb -b temp/ build/双击deb安装文件进行安装或者使用 dekg -i sogoupinyin_2.2.0.0102_amd64.deb解决依赖问题：sudo apt install –fix-broken将键盘输入法系统设置位fcitx，重启系统，将输入法设置成zh
转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/lxc-2017/p/8991693.html
