print函数查看帮助文件
>>> help(print)
Help on built
-in function
print in module builtins
:
print(...)
print(value
, ..., sep
=' ', end
='\n', file=sys
.stdout
, flush
=False)
Prints the values to a stream
, or to sys
.stdout by default
.
Optional keyword arguments
:
file: a
file-like
object (stream
); defaults to the current sys
.stdout
.
sep
: string inserted between values
, default a space
.
end
: string appended after the last value
, default a newline
.
flush
: whether to forcibly flush the stream
.
语法格式:
print(value
, ..., sep
=' ', end
='\n', file=sys
.stdout
, flush
=False)
等价于
print(value1
,value2
,...,valuen
, sep
=' ', end
='\n', file=sys
.stdout
, flush
=False)
demo:
>>> *a
,b
,c
,d
=1,2,3,4,5,6
>>> print(a
,b
,c
,d
)
[1, 2, 3] 4 5 6
>>> print(a
,b
,c
,d
,sep
="+")
[1, 2, 3]+4+5+6
>>> for i
in range(5):
... print(i
,end
="#")
...
0
>>> x
=666
>>> sys
.stdout
.write
(str(x
))
6663
格式化字符串
%号格式化
%格式化字符串,用%匹配参数,注意个数一 一对应。
占位符
格式描述
%d有符号的整数%s字符串%c字符和ASCII码%o无符号八进制整数%x/%X无符号十六进制整数%e/%E浮点数,科学计数法%f浮点数
print("%d"% 888)
name
="CL"
age
=29
print("Her name is %s,her age is %d"%(name
,age
))
print("Her name is",name
,"her age is",age
)
print("Her name is "+name
+",her age is "+str(age
)+".")
888
Her name
is CL
,her age
is 29
Her name
is CL her age
is 29
Her name
is CL
,her age
is 29.
>>> 2.5E4
25000.0
>>> x
=100
>>> print("%d%%"%x
)
100%
format格式化
demo:
print("{} likes {}".format("jack","ice cream"))
print("{name} likes {}".format('ice cream',name
='jack'))
print("{name} likes {sth}".format(sth
='ice cream',name
='jack'))
jack likes ice cream
print("第一个元素是:{0[0]},第二个元素是:{0[1]},第三个元素是:{0[2]},第四个元素是:{1[0]},第五个元素是:{1[1]}".format(('www.','google.','com'),('baidu.','com')))
第一个元素是:www
.,第二个元素是:google
.,第三个元素是:com
,第四个元素是:baidu
.,第五个元素是:com
print('1/81={x}'.format(x
=1/81))
print('1/81={x:f}'.format(x
=1/81))
print('1/81={x:.3f}'.format(x
=1/81))
1/81=0.012345679012345678
1/81=0.012346
1/81=0.012
元组
有序可以重复不可更改
元组的创建
空元组的创建,不能添加元素单元素元组的创建,需要在单元素后面添加逗号多元素元组的创建,包含多种数据类型
tp
=()
print(type(tp
))
tp
=("ab")
print(type(tp
))
tp
=("ab",)
print(type(tp
))
tp
=("ab",1,["a","b"])
print(tp
,type(tp
))
<class 'tuple'>
<class 'str'>
<class 'tuple'>
('ab', 1, ['a', 'b']) <class 'tuple'>
元组的运算
拼接
tp1
=("ab",1,)
tp2
=(["a","b"],13)
print(tp1
+tp2
)
('ab', 1, ['a', 'b'], 13)
重复
print(tp1
*3)
('ab', 1, 'ab', 1, 'ab', 1)
索引,切片
tp
=('ab', 1, ['a', 'b'], 13)
print(tp
[0])
print(tp
[:2])
print(tp
[::2])
print(tp
[::-1])
ab
('ab', 1)
('ab', ['a', 'b'])
(13, ['a', 'b'], 1, 'ab')
tp
[2][0]='hh'
print(tp
)
('ab', 1, ['hh', 'b'], 13)
元组的常见操作
查
索引查切片查index() tp
=('ab', 1, ['a', 'b'], 13,'c','e')
print(tp
.index
("c"))
4
增:拼接(+)
改:不能,元组是不可变类型,不能修改元组的元素。
删:不能单删某个元素,可以全删(del)
元组的遍历
元素遍历
tp
=('a','c','e')
for i
in tp
:
print(i
,end
=" ")
a c e
索引遍历
for i
in range(len(tp
)):
print(tp
[i
],end
=" ")
a c e
枚举遍历
for i
in enumerate(tp
):
print(i
)
(0, 'a')
(1, 'c')
(2, 'e')
元组的嵌套
**双层嵌套
**:
tp
=((1,2,3),
(4,5,6),
(7,8,9))
print(tp
[2][1])
print(tp
[1][1])
8
5
**三层嵌套
**:
tp1
=(((1,2,3),(4,5,6)),((11,22,33),(44,55,66)))
print(tp1
[0][0])
print(tp1
[1][1])
(1, 2, 3)
(44, 55, 66)