Hibernate的HQL查询语句

it2022-05-05  94

前言

HQL:是Hibernate Query Language的缩写、就是Hibernate的查询语句,类似于sql语句一样都是用来查询数据的; 不同点

HQLSQL类名/属性表名/列名区分大小写,关键字不区分大小写不区分大小写从下标0开始计算位置(hibernate5之后不支持)从顺序1开始计算位置支持 :命名参数不支持:命名参数面向对象的查询语言面向结构查询语言

首先我们来编写一个HqlTest的测试类,来进行Hql查询语句的简单应用

package com.wyy.five.test; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import org.hibernate.Session; import org.hibernate.Transaction; import org.hibernate.query.Query; import org.junit.After; import org.junit.Before; import org.junit.Test; import com.wyy.four.entity.Book; import com.wyy.two.util.SessionFactoryUtils; public class HqlTest { private Session session; private Transaction transaction; @Before public void before() { session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession(); transaction = session.beginTransaction(); } @After public void after() { transaction.commit(); session.close(); } /** * 返回对象(多个) */ @Test public void testList1() { Query query = session.createQuery("from Book"); List<Book> list = query.list(); for (Book b : list) { System.out.println(b); } } /** * 返回单个列段,用字符串就可以接受 */ @Test public void testList2() { Query query = session.createQuery("select b.bookName as ss from Book b"); List<String> list = query.list(); for (String b : list) { System.out.println(b); } } /** * 查两个列段及以上,默认返回的是Object【】 */ @Test public void testList3() { Query query = session.createQuery("select b.bookId,b.bookName as ss from Book b"); List<Object[]> list = query.list(); for (Object[] b : list) { System.out.println(Arrays.toString(b)); } } /** * 注意map是函数,所以不区分大小写,返回的是map集合 */ @Test public void testList4() { Query query = session.createQuery("select new mAp(b.bookId,b.bookName) from Book b"); List<Map> list = query.list(); for (Map b : list) { System.out.println(b); } } /** * 查两个列段及以上,也可返回对象,前提是有对应的构造函数 */ @Test public void testList5() { Query query = session.createQuery("select new Book(b.bookId,b.bookName) from Book b"); List<Book> list = query.list(); for (Book b : list) { System.out.println(b); } } /** * HQL语句支持占位符 */ @Test public void testList6() { // Query query = session.createQuery("from Book where bookId = :bookId"); // query.setParameter("bookId", 1); // Book b = (Book) query.getSingleResult(); // System.out.println(b); Query query = session.createQuery("from Book where bookId in (:bookIds)"); query.setParameterList("bookIds", new Integer[] {1,2,4}); // List<Integer> params = new ArrayList<Integer>(); // params.add(1); // params.add(2); // params.add(4); // query.setParameterList("bookIds", params); List<Book> list = query.list(); for (Book b : list) { System.out.println(b); } } /** * HQL支持连接查询 */ @Test public void testList7() { //select * from t_hibernate_order o,t_hibernate_order_item oi where o.order_id=oi.oid Query query = session.createQuery("select o.orderNo,oi.quantity from Order o,OrderItem oi where o = oi.order"); List<Object[]> list = query.list(); for (Object[] b : list) { System.out.println(Arrays.toString(b)); } } /** * HQL支持聚合函数 */ @Test public void testList8() { Query query = session.createQuery("select count(*) from Book"); Long singleResult = (Long) query.getSingleResult(); System.out.println(singleResult); } /** * HQL分页 * * hql=from Book * * 同样可以自动根据方言生成分页语句 * setFirstResult:设置起始下标 * setMaxResults:设置偏移量 */ @Test public void testList9() { Query query = session.createQuery("from Book"); query.setFirstResult(2); query.setMaxResults(3); List<Book> list = query.list(); for (Book b : list) { System.out.println(b); } } }

我先给大家看一下测试7方法的效果与测试九方法的效果(其他方法都是正确的,效果就不一一展示啦) 测试七 测试九 接下来我们来写HQL通用分页的查询方法 一、导入相对应的工具类PageBean、StringUtils PageBean

package com.wyy.five.util; import java.util.Map; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; /** * 分页工具类 * */ public class PageBean { private int page = 1;// 页码 private int rows = 3;// 页大小 private int total = 0;// 总记录数 private boolean pagination = true;// 是否分页 // 获取前台向后台提交的所有参数 private Map<String, String[]> parameterMap; // 获取上一次访问后台的url private String url; /** * 初始化pagebean * * @param req */ public void setRequest(HttpServletRequest req) { this.setPage(req.getParameter("page")); this.setRows(req.getParameter("rows")); // 只有jsp页面上填写pagination=false才是不分页 this.setPagination(!"fasle".equals(req.getParameter("pagination"))); this.setParameterMap(req.getParameterMap()); this.setUrl(req.getRequestURL().toString()); } public int getMaxPage() { return this.total % this.rows == 0 ? this.total / this.rows : this.total / this.rows + 1; } public int nextPage() { return this.page < this.getMaxPage() ? this.page + 1 : this.getMaxPage(); } public int previousPage() { return this.page > 1 ? this.page - 1 : 1; } public PageBean() { super(); } public int getPage() { return page; } public void setPage(int page) { this.page = page; } public void setPage(String page) { this.page = StringUtils.isBlank(page) ? this.page : Integer.valueOf(page); } public int getRows() { return rows; } public void setRows(int rows) { this.rows = rows; } public void setRows(String rows) { this.rows = StringUtils.isBlank(rows) ? this.rows : Integer.valueOf(rows); } public int getTotal() { return total; } public void setTotal(int total) { this.total = total; } public void setTotal(String total) { this.total = Integer.parseInt(total); } public boolean isPagination() { return pagination; } public void setPagination(boolean pagination) { this.pagination = pagination; } public Map<String, String[]> getParameterMap() { return parameterMap; } public void setParameterMap(Map<String, String[]> parameterMap) { this.parameterMap = parameterMap; } public String getUrl() { return url; } public void setUrl(String url) { this.url = url; } /** * 获得起始记录的下标 * * @return */ public int getStartIndex() { return (this.page - 1) * this.rows; } @Override public String toString() { return "PageBean [page=" + page + ", rows=" + rows + ", total=" + total + ", pagination=" + pagination + ", parameterMap=" + parameterMap + ", url=" + url + "]"; } }

StringUtils

package com.wyy.five.util; public class StringUtils { // 私有的构造方法,保护此类不能在外部实例化 private StringUtils() { } /** * 如果字符串等于null或去空格后等于"",则返回true,否则返回false * * @param s * @return */ public static boolean isBlank(String s) { boolean b = false; if (null == s || s.trim().equals("")) { b = true; } return b; } /** * 如果字符串不等于null或去空格后不等于"",则返回true,否则返回false * * @param s * @return */ public static boolean isNotBlank(String s) { return !isBlank(s); } }

二、我们开始编写BaseDao

package com.wyy.five.util; import java.util.Collection; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import java.util.Map.Entry; import java.util.Set; import org.hibernate.Session; import org.hibernate.query.Query; /** * 1、设置参数的问题 * 2、分页代码重复问题 * * * sql的通用分页的时候 * * * getCountSql(sql) * select count(1) from (sql) t * * getCountHql(hql) * hql= " from Book where bookName like :bookName" * hql= "select * from new Book(bid,bookName) where bookName like :bookName" * select count(1) hql * @author 20190614 * */ public class BaseDao { /** * 通过的参数设置方法 * @param map 参数键值对集合 * @param query 预定义处理的hql对象 */ public void setParam(Map<String, Object> map,Query query) { if(map !=null && map.size()>0){ Object value=null; Set<Entry<String, Object>> entrySet = map.entrySet(); for (Entry<String, Object> entry : entrySet) { value = entry.getValue();//相当于例子中的hh,但是有时候它并不是单纯的字符串,可能是数组:比如爱好;也可能是集合 if(value instanceof Object[]) { query.setParameter(entry.getKey(), (Object[])value); } else if(value instanceof Collection) { query.setParameter(entry.getKey(), (Collection)value); } else { query.setParameter(entry.getKey(), value); } } } } public String getCountHql(String hql) { // hql= " from Book where bookName like :bookName" // * hql= "select * from new Book(bid,bookName) where bookName like :bookName" int index = hql.toUpperCase().indexOf("FORM"); return "select count(*) "+ hql.substring(index); } /** * 通用查询方法 * @param session * @param map * @param hql * @param pageBean * @return */ public List executeQuery(Session session,Map<String, Object> map,String hql,PageBean pageBean) { List list = null; if(pageBean != null && pageBean.isPagination()) { String countHql = getCountHql(hql); Query createQuery = session.createQuery(countHql); this.setParam(map, createQuery); pageBean.setTotal(createQuery.getSingleResult().toString()); Query query = session.createQuery(hql); //给预定义hql语句执行对象中的参数赋值,有多少赋值多少 this.setParam(map, query); query.setFirstResult(pageBean.getStartIndex()); query.setMaxResults(pageBean.getRows()); list = query.list(); } else { Query query = session.createQuery(hql); //给预定义hql语句执行对象中的参数赋值,有多少赋值多少 this.setParam(map, query); list = query.list(); } return list; } }

最后我们开始编写测试方法 一、所写的BookDao需要继承上面所写的BaseDao BookDao

package com.wyy.four.dao; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import org.hibernate.Hibernate; import org.hibernate.Session; import org.hibernate.Transaction; import org.hibernate.query.Query; import com.wyy.five.util.BaseDao; import com.wyy.five.util.PageBean; import com.wyy.five.util.StringUtils; import com.wyy.four.entity.Book; import com.wyy.four.entity.Category; import com.wyy.two.util.SessionFactoryUtils; public class BookDao extends BaseDao{ /** * 需求: * 写一个带查询条件并且能分页的方法 * @param book * @param pageBean * @return */ public List<Book> list1(Book book, PageBean pageBean) { Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession(); Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction(); String bookName = book.getBookName(); String hql="from Book where 1=1"; if(StringUtils.isNotBlank(bookName)) { hql +=" and bookName like :bookName"; } Query query = session.createQuery(hql ); //query相当于前面sql所学的prepareStatement if(StringUtils.isNotBlank(bookName)) { query.setParameter("bookName", bookName); } //通过上述代码会发现,同样的if判断写了两次 //下面这个代码每个实体类分页都得写 if(pageBean != null&& pageBean.isPagination()) { query.setFirstResult(pageBean.getStartIndex()); query.setMaxResults(pageBean.getRows()); } List<Book> list=query.list(); transaction.commit(); session.close(); return list; } public List<Book> list2(Book book, PageBean pageBean) { Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession(); Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction(); String bookName = book.getBookName(); Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>(); String hql="from Book where 1=1"; if(StringUtils.isNotBlank(bookName)) { hql +=" and bookName like :bookName"; } List<Book> list=super.executeQuery(session, map, hql, pageBean); transaction.commit(); session.close(); return list; } }

二、开始调用方法 BookDaoTest

package com.wyy.four.dao; import java.util.List; import org.junit.Test; import com.wyy.five.util.PageBean; import com.wyy.four.entity.Book; import com.wyy.four.entity.Category; public class BookDaoTest { private BookDao bookDao = new BookDao(); /** * five测试 */ @Test public void testList1() { Book book = new Book(); PageBean pageBean = new PageBean(); // pageBean.setPage(2);//查询第二页 book.setBookName("%hh%"); List<Book> list = this.bookDao.list1(book, pageBean); for (Book b : list) { System.out.println(b); } } @Test public void testList2() { Book book = new Book(); PageBean pageBean = new PageBean(); // pageBean.setPage(2);//查询第二页 pageBean.setPagination(false); // book.setBookName("%hh%"); List<Book> list = this.bookDao.list1(book, pageBean); for (Book b : list) { System.out.println(b); } } }

效果 testList1 testList2


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