JUC

 

class ThreadDemo implements Runnable { private volatile boolean flag = false; @Override public void run() { try { Thread.sleep(200); } catch (InterruptedException e) { } flag = true; System.out.println("flag=" + isFlag()); } }

 

/* * 一、volatile 关键字：当多个线程进行操作共享数据时，可以保证内存中的数据可见。 * 相较于 synchronized 是一种较为轻量级的同步策略。 * * 注意： * 1. volatile 不具备“互斥性” * 2. volatile 不能保证变量的“原子性” */ public class TestVolatile { public static void main(String[] args) { ThreadDemo td = new ThreadDemo(); new Thread(td).start(); while(true){ if(td.isFlag()){ System.out.println("------------------"); break; } } } }

 

/* * 一、i++ 的原子性问题：i++ 的操作实际上分为三个步骤“读-改-写” * int i = 10; * i = i++; //10 * * int temp = i; * i = i + 1; * i = temp; * * 二、原子变量：在 java.util.concurrent.atomic 包下提供了一些原子变量。 * 1. volatile 保证内存可见性 * 2. CAS（Compare-And-Swap） 算法保证数据变量的原子性 * CAS 算法是硬件对于并发操作的支持 * CAS 包含了三个操作数： * ①内存值 V * ②预估值 A * ③更新值 B * 当且仅当 V == A 时， V = B; 否则，不会执行任何操作。 */ public class TestAtomicDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { AtomicDemo ad = new AtomicDemo(); for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { new Thread(ad).start(); } } } class AtomicDemo implements Runnable{ private int serialNumber = 0; @Override public void run() { try { Thread.sleep(200); } catch (InterruptedException e) { } System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + ":" + getSerialNumber()); } public int getSerialNumber(){ return serialNumber++; } }

 

class AtomicDemo implements Runnable{ private AtomicInteger serialNumber = new AtomicInteger(0); @Override public void run() { try { Thread.sleep(200); } catch (InterruptedException e) { } System.out.println(getSerialNumber()); } public int getSerialNumber(){ return serialNumber.getAndIncrement(); } }

 

/* * 模拟 CAS 算法 */ public class TestCompareAndSwap { public static void main(String[] args) { final CompareAndSwap cas = new CompareAndSwap(); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { int expectedValue = cas.get(); boolean b = cas.compareAndSet(expectedValue, (int)(Math.random() * 101)); System.out.println(b); } }).start(); } } } class CompareAndSwap{ private int value; //获取内存值 public synchronized int get(){ return value; } //比较 public synchronized int compareAndSwap(int expectedValue, int newValue){ int oldValue = value; if(oldValue == expectedValue){ this.value = newValue; } return oldValue; } //设置 public synchronized boolean compareAndSet(int expectedValue, int newValue){ return expectedValue == compareAndSwap(expectedValue, newValue); } }

 

class HelloThread implements Runnable{ private static List<String> list = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<String>()); static{ list.add("AA"); list.add("BB"); list.add("CC"); } @Override public void run() { java.util.Iterator<String> it = list.iterator(); while(it.hasNext()){ System.out.println(it.next()); list.add("AA"); } } }//java.util.ConcurrentModificationException

 

CopyOnWriteArrayList/CopyOnWriteArraySet : “写入并复制”

　　添加操作多时，效率低，因为每次添加时都会进行复制，开销非常的大。并发迭代操作多时可以选择。

class HelloThread implements Runnable{ private static CopyOnWriteArrayList<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>(); static{ list.add("AA"); list.add("BB"); list.add("CC"); } @Override public void run() { java.util.Iterator<String> it = list.iterator(); while(it.hasNext()){ System.out.println(it.next()); list.add("DD"); } } }

 

public class TestCopyOnWriteArrayList { public static void main(String[] args) { HelloThread ht = new HelloThread(); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { new Thread(ht).start(); } } }

 

CountDownLatch ：闭锁，在完成某些运算是，只有其他所有线程的运算全部完成，当前运算才继续执行

class LatchDemo implements Runnable { private CountDownLatch latch; public LatchDemo(CountDownLatch latch) { this.latch = latch; } @Override public void run() { try { for (int i = 0; i < 50000; i++) { if (i % 2 == 0) { System.out.println(i); } } } finally { latch.countDown(); } } }

 

public class TestCountDownLatch { public static void main(String[] args) { final CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(50); LatchDemo ld = new LatchDemo(latch); long start = System.currentTimeMillis(); for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) { new Thread(ld).start(); } try { latch.await(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { } long end = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("耗费时间为：" + (end - start)); } }

 

创建执行线程的方式三：实现 Callable 接口。 相较于实现 Runnable 接口的方式，方法可以有返回值，并且可以抛出异常。

 　　执行 Callable 方式，需要 FutureTask 实现类的支持，用于接收运算结果。  FutureTask 是  Future 接口的实现类

class ThreadDemo implements Callable<Integer>{ @Override public Integer call() throws Exception { int sum = 0; for (int i = 0; i <= 100000; i++) { sum += i; } return sum; } }

 

public class TestCallable { public static void main(String[] args) { ThreadDemo td = new ThreadDemo(); //1.执行 Callable 方式，需要 FutureTask 实现类的支持，用于接收运算结果。 FutureTask<Integer> result = new FutureTask<>(td); new Thread(result).start(); //2.接收线程运算后的结果 try { Integer sum = result.get(); //FutureTask 可用于 闭锁 System.out.println(sum); System.out.println("------------------------------------"); } catch (InterruptedException | ExecutionException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }

 

用于解决多线程安全问题的方式：

　　1.、同步代码块

　　2、同步方法

　　3、同步锁 Lock（jdk 1.5 后），是一个显示锁，需要通过 lock() 方法上锁，必须通过 unlock() 方法进行释放锁

 

class Ticket implements Runnable{ private int tick = 100; private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock(); @Override public void run() { while(true){ lock.lock(); //上锁 try{ if(tick > 0){ try { Thread.sleep(200); } catch (InterruptedException e) { } System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 完成售票，余票为：" + --tick); } }finally{ lock.unlock(); //释放锁 } } } }

 

public static void main(String[] args) { Ticket ticket = new Ticket(); new Thread(ticket, "1号窗口").start(); new Thread(ticket, "2号窗口").start(); new Thread(ticket, "3号窗口").start(); }

 

//店员 class Clerk{ private int product = 0; //进货 public synchronized void get(){//循环次数：0 while(product >= 1){//为了避免虚假唤醒问题，应该总是使用在循环中 System.out.println("产品已满！"); try { this.wait(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { } } System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " : " + ++product); this.notifyAll(); } //卖货 public synchronized void sale(){//product = 0; 循环次数：0 while(product <= 0){ System.out.println("缺货！"); try { this.wait(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { } } System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " : " + --product); this.notifyAll(); } } //生产者 class Productor implements Runnable{ private Clerk clerk; public Productor(Clerk clerk) { this.clerk = clerk; } @Override public void run() { for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) { try { Thread.sleep(200); } catch (InterruptedException e) { } clerk.get(); } } } //消费者 class Consumer implements Runnable{ private Clerk clerk; public Consumer(Clerk clerk) { this.clerk = clerk; } @Override public void run() { for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) { clerk.sale(); } } }

 

public static void main(String[] args) { Clerk clerk = new Clerk(); Productor pro = new Productor(clerk); Consumer cus = new Consumer(clerk); new Thread(pro, "生产者 A").start(); new Thread(cus, "消费者 B").start(); new Thread(pro, "生产者 C").start(); new Thread(cus, "消费者 D").start(); }

 

class Clerk { private int product = 0; private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock(); private Condition condition = lock.newCondition(); // 进货 public void get() { lock.lock(); try { if (product >= 1) { // 为了避免虚假唤醒，应该总是使用在循环中。 System.out.println("产品已满！"); try { condition.await(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { } } System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " : " + ++product); condition.signalAll(); } finally { lock.unlock(); } } // 卖货 public void sale() { lock.lock(); try { if (product <= 0) { System.out.println("缺货！"); try { condition.await(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { } } System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " : " + --product); condition.signalAll(); } finally { lock.unlock(); } } } // 生产者 class Productor implements Runnable { private Clerk clerk; public Productor(Clerk clerk) { this.clerk = clerk; } @Override public void run() { for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) { try { Thread.sleep(200); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } clerk.get(); } } } // 消费者 class Consumer implements Runnable { private Clerk clerk; public Consumer(Clerk clerk) { this.clerk = clerk; } @Override public void run() { for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) { clerk.sale(); } } }

 

class AlternateDemo{ private int number = 1; //当前正在执行线程的标记 private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock(); private Condition condition1 = lock.newCondition(); private Condition condition2 = lock.newCondition(); private Condition condition3 = lock.newCondition(); /** * @param totalLoop : 循环第几轮 */ public void loopA(int totalLoop){ lock.lock(); try { //1. 判断 if(number != 1){ condition1.await(); } //2. 打印 for (int i = 1; i <= 1; i++) { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t" + i + "\t" + totalLoop); } //3. 唤醒 number = 2; condition2.signal(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { lock.unlock(); } } public void loopB(int totalLoop){ lock.lock(); try { //1. 判断 if(number != 2){ condition2.await(); } //2. 打印 for (int i = 1; i <= 1; i++) { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t" + i + "\t" + totalLoop); } //3. 唤醒 number = 3; condition3.signal(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { lock.unlock(); } } public void loopC(int totalLoop){ lock.lock(); try { //1. 判断 if(number != 3){ condition3.await(); } //2. 打印 for (int i = 1; i <= 1; i++) { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t" + i + "\t" + totalLoop); } //3. 唤醒 number = 1; condition1.signal(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { lock.unlock(); } } }

 

public static void main(String[] args) { AlternateDemo ad = new AlternateDemo(); new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { for (int i = 1; i <= 20; i++) { ad.loopA(i); } } }, "A").start(); new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { for (int i = 1; i <= 20; i++) { ad.loopB(i); } } }, "B").start(); new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { for (int i = 1; i <= 20; i++) { ad.loopC(i); System.out.println("-----------------------------------"); } } }, "C").start(); }

 

 

/* * 1. ReadWriteLock : 读写锁 * * 写写/读写 需要“互斥” * 读读 不需要互斥 * */ public class TestReadWriteLock { public static void main(String[] args) { ReadWriteLockDemo rw = new ReadWriteLockDemo(); new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { rw.set((int)(Math.random() * 101)); } }, "Write:").start(); for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { rw.get(); } }).start(); } } } class ReadWriteLockDemo{ private int number = 0; private ReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock(); //读 public void get(){ lock.readLock().lock(); //上锁 try{ System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " : " + number); }finally{ lock.readLock().unlock(); //释放锁 } } //写 public void set(int number){ lock.writeLock().lock(); try{ System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()); this.number = number; }finally{ lock.writeLock().unlock(); } } }

 

/* * 1. ReadWriteLock : 读写锁 * * 写写/读写 需要“互斥” * 读读 不需要互斥 * */ public class TestReadWriteLock { public static void main(String[] args) { ReadWriteLockDemo rw = new ReadWriteLockDemo(); new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { rw.set((int)(Math.random() * 101)); } }, "Write:").start(); for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { rw.get(); } }).start(); } } }

 

/* * 题目：判断打印的 "one" or "two" ？ * * 1. 两个普通同步方法，两个线程，标准打印， 打印? //one two * 2. 新增 Thread.sleep() 给 getOne() ,打印? //one two * 3. 新增普通方法 getThree() , 打印? //three one two * 4. 两个普通同步方法，两个 Number 对象，打印? //two one * 5. 修改 getOne() 为静态同步方法，打印? //two one * 6. 修改两个方法均为静态同步方法，一个 Number 对象? //one two * 7. 一个静态同步方法，一个非静态同步方法，两个 Number 对象? //two one * 8. 两个静态同步方法，两个 Number 对象? //one two * * 线程八锁的关键： * ①非静态方法的锁默认为 this, 静态方法的锁为 对应的 Class 实例 * ②某一个时刻内，只能有一个线程持有锁，无论几个方法。 */ public class TestThread8Monitor { public static void main(String[] args) { Number number = new Number(); Number number2 = new Number(); new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { number.getOne(); } }).start(); new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { // number.getTwo(); number2.getTwo(); } }).start(); /*new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { number.getThree(); } }).start();*/ } } class Number{ public static synchronized void getOne(){//Number.class try { Thread.sleep(3000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { } System.out.println("one"); } public synchronized void getTwo(){//this System.out.println("two"); } public void getThree(){ System.out.println("three"); } }

 

一、线程池：提供了一个线程队列，队列中保存着所有等待状态的线程。避免了创建与销毁额外开销，提高了响应的速度。

  二、线程池的体系结构：

　　java.util.concurrent.Executor : 负责线程的使用与调度的根接口

　　　　　|--**ExecutorService 子接口: 线程池的主要接口

　　　　　　　|--ThreadPoolExecutor 线程池的实现类

　　　　　　　|--ScheduledExecutorService 子接口：负责线程的调度

　　　　　　　　　|--ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor ：继承 ThreadPoolExecutor， 实现 ScheduledExecutorService

 

 

工具类 : Executors 

　　ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool() : 创建固定大小的线程池

　　ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() : 缓存线程池，线程池的数量不固定，可以根据需求自动的更改数量。

　　ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() : 创建单个线程池。线程池中只有一个线程

　　ScheduledExecutorService newScheduledThreadPool() : 创建固定大小的线程，可以延迟或定时的执行任务。

 

public class TestThreadPool { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { //1. 创建线程池 ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5); List<Future<Integer>> list = new ArrayList<>(); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { Future<Integer> future = pool.submit(new Callable<Integer>(){ @Override public Integer call() throws Exception { int sum = 0; for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i++) { sum += i; } return sum; } }); list.add(future); } pool.shutdown(); for (Future<Integer> future : list) { System.out.println(future.get()); } /*ThreadPoolDemo tpd = new ThreadPoolDemo(); //2. 为线程池中的线程分配任务 for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { pool.submit(tpd); } //3. 关闭线程池 pool.shutdown();*/ } // new Thread(tpd).start(); // new Thread(tpd).start(); } class ThreadPoolDemo implements Runnable{ private int i = 0; @Override public void run() { while(i <= 100){ System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " : " + i++); } } }

 

 

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { ScheduledExecutorService pool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5); for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { Future<Integer> result = pool.schedule(new Callable<Integer>(){ @Override public Integer call() throws Exception { int num = new Random().nextInt(100);//生成随机数 System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " : " + num); return num; } }, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS); System.out.println(result.get()); } pool.shutdown(); }

 

public class TestForkJoinPool { public static void main(String[] args) { Instant start = Instant.now(); ForkJoinPool pool = new ForkJoinPool(); ForkJoinTask<Long> task = new ForkJoinSumCalculate(0L, 50000000000L); Long sum = pool.invoke(task); System.out.println(sum); Instant end = Instant.now(); System.out.println("耗费时间为：" + Duration.between(start, end).toMillis());//166-1996-10590 } @Test public void test1(){ Instant start = Instant.now(); long sum = 0L; for (long i = 0L; i <= 50000000000L; i++) { sum += i; } System.out.println(sum); Instant end = Instant.now(); System.out.println("耗费时间为：" + Duration.between(start, end).toMillis());//35-3142-15704 } //java8 新特性 @Test public void test2(){ Instant start = Instant.now(); Long sum = LongStream.rangeClosed(0L, 50000000000L) .parallel() .reduce(0L, Long::sum); System.out.println(sum); Instant end = Instant.now(); System.out.println("耗费时间为：" + Duration.between(start, end).toMillis());//1536-8118 } } class ForkJoinSumCalculate extends RecursiveTask<Long>{ /** * */ private static final long serialVersionUID = -259195479995561737L; private long start; private long end; private static final long THURSHOLD = 10000L; //临界值 public ForkJoinSumCalculate(long start, long end) { this.start = start; this.end = end; } @Override protected Long compute() { long length = end - start; if(length <= THURSHOLD){ long sum = 0L; for (long i = start; i <= end; i++) { sum += i; } return sum; }else{ long middle = (start + end) / 2; ForkJoinSumCalculate left = new ForkJoinSumCalculate(start, middle); left.fork(); //进行拆分，同时压入线程队列 ForkJoinSumCalculate right = new ForkJoinSumCalculate(middle+1, end); right.fork(); // return left.join() + right.join(); } } }

 

 

 

 

         

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/lzb0803/p/9082571.html

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