python---django中orm的使用(3)admin配置与使用

it2022-05-05  147

新建项目,并开启

python manage.py runserver 8080

访问admin页面

http://127.0.0.1:8080/admin

补充:若是发现admin页面样式丢失:可能是因为在settings文件中的数据格式写错了,比如:

STATICFILES_DIRS 是元组类型,若是在os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'static')后面忘记加上逗号分隔符,则可能会丢失样式,无法找到 STATICFILES_DIRS = ( os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'static'), )

此时并没有账号和密码:需要先配置数据库,在生成用户

配置数据库 python manage.py makemigrations python manage.py migrate 创建用户 python manage.py createsuperuser 需要填写用户名,邮箱,密码

管理Django数据库的APP--->phpmyadmin,web版管理数据库

创建数据表:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from __future__ import unicode_literals from django.db import models # Create your models here. class Publisher(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=30, verbose_name="名称") address = models.CharField("地址", max_length=50) city = models.CharField('城市', max_length=60) state_province = models.CharField(max_length=30) country = models.CharField(max_length=50) website = models.URLField() class Meta: verbose_name = '出版商' verbose_name_plural = verbose_name def __str__(self): return self.name class Author(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=30) def __str__(self): return self.name class AuthorDetail(models.Model): sex = models.BooleanField(max_length=1, choices=((0, ''), (1, ''),)) email = models.EmailField() address = models.CharField(max_length=50) birthday = models.DateField() author = models.OneToOneField(Author) class Book(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=100) authors = models.ManyToManyField(Author) publisher = models.ForeignKey(Publisher) publication_date = models.DateField() price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2, default=10) def __str__(self): return self.title models.py python manage.py makemigrations python manage.py migrate 配置数据库

在admin.py中配置数据库进行管理

from __future__ import unicode_literals from django.contrib import admin from app01.models import * # Register your models here. admin.site.register(Book) admin.site.register(Publisher) #会显示设置的verbose_name  在Admin中字段的显示名称 admin.site.register(Author) python manage.py runserver 8080 启动项目

再次访问

在web页面进行添加:

若是有中文则会出错,解决方法请看:python---补充django中文报错

若是想将页面设置为中文显示,可以设置settings文件:

#LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us' LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'

由于在建立orm对象时,__str__中只返回了title,所以页面显示只有书籍名称,其他信息并不全

 

class Book(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=100) authors = models.ManyToManyField(Author) publisher = models.ForeignKey(Publisher) publication_date = models.DateField() price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2, default=10) def __str__(self):    #__str__需要返回字符串    return self.title    

 

当没有__str__时,只会显示出

 要想显示更多信息,需要我们在admin.py模块中自定义类,来设置显示的字段

class MyAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ("title","price","publisher") #设置显示的字段,与原来__str__无关了 admin.site.register(Book,MyAdmin) #使MyAdmin与Book产生联系 admin.site.register(Publisher) admin.site.register(Author)

可以修改models中的字段,设置别名在admin中显示

 

class Book(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=100,verbose_name="书名")

 

搜索框:

class MyAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ("title","price","publisher") #设置显示的字段,与原来__str__无关了 search_fields = ("title","price",) #会生成搜索框,元组中是允许搜索的字段

过滤器:

 

class MyAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ("title","price","publisher") #设置显示的字段,与原来__str__无关了 search_fields = ("title","price",) #会生成搜索框,元组中是允许搜索的字段 list_filter = ("price","publisher")    #生成过滤器,以price过滤

 

 排序:

 

class MyAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ("title","price","publisher") #设置显示的字段,与原来__str__无关了 search_fields = ("title","price",) #会生成搜索框,元组中是允许搜索的字段 list_filter = ("price","publisher") #过滤器 ordering = ("-price",) #排序,默认id排序,升序,降序,则使用在字段前使用 '-' readonly_fields = []  #设置不允许修改

显示和隐藏:在添加和修改时使用:

 

fieldsets = [ (None, {'fields': ['title']}), #None代表其他字段隐藏,fields中字段显示 ]

fieldsets = [ (None, {'fields': ['title']}), ('price information', {'fields': ['price', "publisher"], }), #组名为price information]

fieldsets = [ (None, {'fields': ['title']}), ('price information', {'fields': ['price', "publisher"], 'classes': ['collapse']}),  #classes样式折叠 ]

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/ssyfj/p/8654648.html


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